1989 General Al Gray with Robert Steele on Global Intelligence Challenges

General Gray was known as a warrior, but he was also an intelligence professional and uniquely among all the flag officers I have ever known, an inspiring educator.  He created not just the Marine Corps Intelligence Center, but the Marine Corps University, new forms of informal research to empower younger officers and explore the “edges” …

Reference: 1986 CIA Artificial Intelligence Bibliography

It cost CIA $3000 to teach us the word “heuristics” also known as “rules of thumb.  Attempts to leverage expert & decision support systems heuristics, encoding specificity, and cognitive mapping decision making in foreign policy ultimately failed for two reasons: 1.  No over-arching authority able to force the Directorate of Operations (DO) to enter the …