NOTICE: We are suspending our update of this index. All CRS reports will continue to be offered at the Federation of American Scientists, and updated as new version are received, but we will not longer maintain this separate index.
Updated FAS new 2 June 2015.
All links lead to Federation of American Scientists (FAS) archives. Only the most recent report in any given series is preserved, If it is listed, it is the latest available version.
Critical Reference: Congressional Research Service (Not) Reflections of retiring director on the failure of CRS to make a difference.
FAS Table of Contents
NB 17 Jan 14: In the areas listed below and linked, FAS is the original comprehensive listing in reverse order as received — our index in support of FAS is in alphabetical order within a broader focus centered on intelligence and sane (honest) informed national strategy, policy, acquisition, and whole of government operations, all non-existent today in the USA. We have added Secrecy & Information Policy as a category.
Conventional Weapons Systems . Foreign Policy & Regional Affairs . Homeland Security . General National Security Topics . Intelligence . Middle East . Nuclear Weapons & Arms Control . Secrecy & Information Policy . Space Policy . Terrorism . Topics (Miscellaneous)
FAS 2 June 2015 [Posted here and in main directory, deleted here when refreshed]
An Overview of the Employment-Population Ratio
Candidates, Groups, and the Campaign Finance Environment
Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy and Implementation
Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements
Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements
Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt
Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits
Freedom of Navigation and Territorial Seas
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Ongoing Outbreak
Human-Induced Earthquakes from Deep-Well Injection: A Brief Overview
Iran, Gulf Security, and U.S. Policy
Options to Help Meet a Congressional Requirement for Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production
Overview of Constitutional Challenges to NSA Collection Activities
Rules and Practices Governing Consideration of Revenue Legislation in the House and Senate
Selected Issues in Homeland Security Policy for the 114th Congress
Sunset of Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, memorandum for the House Judiciary Committee
The “Islamic State” Crisis and U.S. Policy
The Violence Against Women Act: Overview, Legislation, and Federal Funding
Tracking Federal Funds: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources
Trade Promotion Authority: Frequently Asked Questions
Uncertainty in Financial Projections of Social Security
U.S. Trade with Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners
Wartime Detention Provisions in Recent Defense Authorization Legislation
Categories
Agriculture Including GMO & Global Food Aid
Acquisition, Fraud, Waste, & Abuse
Budget Including Authorization & Appropriations
Charity, Non-Profits, & Society
Commerce, Economy, Foreign Investment, Trade (with sub-categories)
Congress
Constitutional Issues
Cyber & Internet Including FOI, Privacy, NSA, Etcetera
Debt (including Deflation & Inflation)
Defense (with sub-categories)
Drugs, Drug Testing
Education including Student Loans
Electoral
Energy
Environment & Environmental Degradation and Disasters
Executive / Government Operations
Family including Abortion & Poverty
Foreign Relations (with countries in alphabetical order)
Health including Insurance
Homeland Security
Immigration
Indian Affairs
Intelligence Including Counterintelligence
Judiciary
Labor, Homelessness, Society, & Unemployment
Law Enforcement (includes Terrorism)
Research & Development
Revenue & Taxation [see also Debt]
Science, Technology, Engineering, & Mathematics
Secrecy & Information Policy
Social Security
Space Policy
State & Local Governance & Issues
Transportation Including Infrastructure & Risk
Wall Street, Federal Reserve, Financial Crime, IMF Plus
Water
Acquisition, Fraud, Waste, & Abuse
Changes in the Purposes and Frequency of Authorizations of Appropriations
Circular A-76 and the Moratorium on DOD Competitions: Background and Issues for Congress
Defense Acquisitions: How DOD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process
Evaluating the “Past Performance” of Federal Contractors: Legal Requirements and Issues
Federal Financial Reporting: An Overview
Government Procurement in Times of Fiscal Uncertainty
Improper Payments and Recovery Audits: Legislation, Implementation, and Analysis
Legal Protections for Subcontractors on Federal Prime Contracts
Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources
Qualifications of Members of Congress
Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion
The Berry Amendment: Requiring Defense Procurement To Come From Domestic Sources
The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR): Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
The Nunn-McCurdy Act: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress
Transforming Government Acquisition Systems: Overview and Selected Issues
Agriculture Including GMO & Global Food Aid
Agricultural Conservation: A Guide to Programs
Bankruptcy for Marijuana Businesses?
Bee Health: Background and Issues for Congress
Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides
Budget Issues Shaping a Farm Bill in 2013
Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation
Environmental Regulation and Agriculture
Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill
Expiring Farm Bill Programs Without a Budget Baseline
Food Fraud and “Economically Motivated Adulteration” of Food and Food Ingredients
Hemp as an Agricultural Commodity
International Food Aid Programs: Background and Issues
Lean Finely Textured Beef: The “Pink Slime” Controversy
Table Egg Production and Hen Welfare: The UEP-HSUS Agreement and H.R. 3798
The Federal Food Safety System: A Primer
The Role of Local Food Systems in U.S. Farm Policy
Unapproved Genetically Modified Wheat Discovered in Oregon: Status and Implications
Budget Including Authorization & Appropriations
A Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Background and Congressional Options
Across-the-Board Rescissions in Appropriations Acts: Overview and Recent Practices
Addressing the Long-Run Budget Deficit: A Comparison of Approaches
America COMPETES Acts: FY2008-FY2013 Funding Tables
Analysis of the Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013
Army Corps Supplemental Appropriations: Recent History, Trends, and Policy Issues
Automatic Continuing Resolutions: Background and Overview of Recent Proposals
A Unified National Security Budget? Issues for Congress
Baselines and Scorekeeping in the Federal Budget Process
Basic Federal Budgeting Terminology
Biennial Budgeting: Options, Issues, and Previous Congressional Action
Brief History of the Gold Standard in the United States
Budget Control Act: Potential Impact of Sequestration on Health Reform Spending
Budget Process Reform: Proposals and Legislative Actions in 2012
Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration
Budget “Sequestration” and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules
Changes in the Purposes and Frequency of Authorizations of Appropriations
Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations
Corporate Tax Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS): An Examination of the Data
Defense: FY2015 Authorization and Appropriations
Defense: FY2013 Authorization and Appropriations
Defense: FY2012 Budget Request, Authorization and Appropriations
Defense: FY2011 Authorization and Appropriations
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2014 Overview and Summary
Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: A Summary of Congressional Action for FY2013
Department of Homeland Security: FY2013 Appropriations
Discretionary Budget Authority by Subfunction: An Overview
Entitlements and Appropriated Entitlements in the Federal Budget Process
Fact Sheet: The FY2013 State and Foreign Operations Budget Request
FY2015 Budget Requests to Counter Ebola and the Islamic State (IS)
Federal Employees’ Retirement System: Benefits and Financing
Federal Funding Gaps: A Brief Overview
Federal Reserve: Unconventional Monetary Policy Options
FY2014 Appropriations Lapse and the Department of Homeland Security: Impact and Legislation
FY2014 Supplemental Appropriations Request
FY2014 Government Shutdown: Economic Effects
FY2013 Appropriations: District of Columbia
FY2013 Defense Budget Request: Overview and Context
FY2012 Appropriations Overview: Status of Discretionary Appropriations Legislation
FY2012 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues
FY2011 Appropriations in Budgetary Context
Homeland Security Appropriations: FY2015 Action in the 114th Congress
Homeland Security Department: FY2012 Appropriations
Homeland Security Department: FY2011 Appropriations
Improper Payments and Recovery Audits: Legislation, Implementation, and Analysis
Intelligence Spending and Appropriations: Issues for Congress
Introduction to the Federal Budget Process
Legislative Branch: FY2014 Appropriations
Legislative Branch: FY2012 Appropriations
Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills
Major Fiscal Issues Before Congress in FY2013
Military Construction: A Snapshot of the President’s FY2013 Appropriations Request
Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies: FY2013 Appropriations
Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions
Offsets, Supplemental Appropriations, and the Disaster Relief Fund: FY1990-FY2012
Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress
Overview of the Authorization-Appropriations Process
Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process
Reaching the Debt Limit: Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations
Reducing the Budget Deficit: Policy Issues
Sequestration as a Budget Enforcement Process: Frequently Asked Questions
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2014 Budget and Appropriations
State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2013 Budget and Appropriations
Statutory Limits on Total Spending as a Method of Budget Control
Submission of the President’s Budget in Transition Years
Tax Expenditures: Overview and Analysis
The Budget Control Act of 2011: Budgetary Effects of Proposals to Replace the FY2013 Sequester
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11
The Depreciating Dollar: Economic Effects and Policy Response
The Executive Budget Process: An Overview
The Federal Budget: Issues for FY2014 and Beyond
The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2016 and Beyond
The FY2014 State and Foreign Operations Budget Request
The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2013
The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2012: Detainee Matters
The President's Budget: Overview of Structure and Timing of Submission to Congress
The Volcker Rule: A Legal Analysis
Trends in Discretionary Spending
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues
Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2013 Appropriations
Charity, Non-Profits, & Society
An Analysis of Charitable Giving and Donor Advised Funds
Commerce, Economy, Foreign Investment, Trade
Agriculture
Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods and the WTO Trade Dispute on Meat Labeling
Corporate Conduct & Regulation
An Overview of the “Patent Trolls” Debate
Changes to the Residential Mortgage Market: Legislation, Demographics, and Other Drivers
Codes of Conduct for Multinational Corporations: An Overview
Corporate Expatriation, Inversions, and Mergers: Tax Issues
International Corporate Tax Rate Comparisons and Policy Implications
Multilateral Development Banks: How the United States Makes and Implements Policy
The MF Global Bankruptcy, Missing Customer Funds, and Proposals for Reform
The STOCK Act, Insider Trading, and Public Financial Reporting by Federal Officials
Economic Depression & Recovery
Can Contractionary Fiscal Policy Be Expansionary?
Economic Recovery: Sustaining U.S. Economic Growth in a Post-Crisis Economy
Inflation: Causes, Costs, and Current Status
Export
Boosting U.S. Exports: Selected Issues for Congress
Challenge to the Boeing-Airbus Duopoly in Civil Aircraft: Issues for Competitiveness
Export-Import Bank: Background and Legislative Issues
Export-Import Bank: Overview and Reauthorization Issues
Export-Import Bank Reauthorization Debate
Export-Import Bank Reauthorization: Frequently Asked Questions
Federal Permitting and Oversight of Export of Fossil Fuels
Foreign Assistance: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA): Congressional Interest and Executive Enforcement
Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate
Harbor Maintenance Finance and Funding
How OFAC Calculates Penalties for Violations of Economic Sanctions
Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress
Multilateral Development Banks: How the United States Makes and Implements Policy
NAFTA at 20: Overview and Trade Effects
Reauthorization of the Export-Import Bank: Issues and Policy Options for Congress
The Specialty Metal Clause: Oversight Issues and Options for Congress
The U.S. Export Control System and the President’s Reform Initiative
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues
Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) and Its Role in U.S. Trade Policy
Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy
U.S. Crude Oil Export Policy: Background and Considerations
U.S. Government Agencies Involved in Export Promotion: Overview and Issues for Congress
U.S. Manufacturing in International Perspective
U.S. Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes
U.S. Textile Manufacturing and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations
Intellectual & Patent Law
Aereo and FilmOn X: Internet Television Streaming and Copyright Law
Mayo v. Prometheus: Implications for Patents, Biotechnology, and Personalized Medicine
Money for Something: Music Licensing in the 21st Century
Patent Litigation Reform Legislation in the 114th Congress
Patent Reform in the 112th Congress: Innovation Issues
Protection of Trade Secrets: Overview of Current Law and Legislation
Tailoring the Patent System for Specific Industries
The Bayh-Dole Act: Selected Issues in Patent Policy and the Commercialization of Technology
The Role of Trade Secrets in Innovation Policy
Insurance & Disclosure
SEC Climate Change Disclosure Guidance: An Overview and Congressional Concerns
Terrorism Risk Insurance: Issue Analysis and Overview of Current Program
Investment Foreign and US
Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis
Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt
Foreign Investment in the United States: Major Federal Statutory Restrictions
International Air Service Controversies: Frequently Asked Questions
International Investment Agreements (IIAs): Frequently Asked Questions
The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
The Exon-Florio National Security Test for Foreign Investment
U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues
Manufacturing
“Hollowing Out” in U.S. Manufacturing: Analysis and Issues for Congress
The Obama Administration’s Proposal to Establish a National Network for Manufacturing Innovation
U.S. Manufacturing in International Perspective
Small Business
SBA Assistance to Small Business Startups: Client Experiences and Program Impact
Small Business: Access to Capital and Job Creation
Small Business Administration: A Primer on Programs
Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues
Trade
Current Debates over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress
Domestic Content Legislation: The Buy American Act and Complementary Little Buy American Provisions
Generalized System of Preferences: Background and Renewal Debate
NAFTA at 20: Overview and Trade Effects
Rising Economic Powers and U.S. Trade Policy
Trade Preferences: Economic Issues and Policy Options
Trade Primer: Qs and As on Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy
Trade Promotion Authority: Frequently Asked Questions
Trade Promotion Authority (TPA): Frequently Asked Questions
Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the Role of Congress in Trade Policy
Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) Negotiations
U.S. Trade Concepts, Performance, and Policy: Frequently Asked Questions
U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones: Background and Issues for Congress
U.S. International Trade: Trends and Forecasts
U.S. Trade Deficit and the Impact of Changing Oil Prices
U.S. Trade with Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Partners
Transportation including Zones
Federal Freight Policy: An Overview
Industrial Competitiveness and Technological Advancement: Debate Over Government Policy
Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress
Congress
501(c)(4)s and Campaign Activity: Analysis Under Tax and Campaign Finance Laws
Appropriations Subcommittee Structure: History of Changes from 1920 to 2013
Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process
Bills of Attainder: The Constitutional Implications of Congress Legislating Narrowly
Campaign Contribution Limits: Selected Questions About McCutcheon and Policy Issues for Congres
Casework in a Congressional Office: Background, Rules, Laws, and Resources
Cloture Attempts on Nominations: Data and Historical Development
Commonly Used Motions and Requests in the House of Representatives
Congressional Authority to Limit Military Operations
Congressional Careers: Service Tenure and Patterns of Member Service, 1789-2015
Congressional Commissions: Overview, Structure, and Legislative Considerations
Congressional Gold Medals, 1776-2012
Congressional Lawmaking: A Perspective On Secrecy and Transparency
Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies
Congressional or Federal Charters: Overview and Current Issues
Congressional Oversight Manual
Congressional Oversight of Agency Public Communications: Implications of Agency New Media Use
Congressional Participation in Article III Courts: Standing to Sue
Congressional Responses to Selected Work Stoppages in Professional Sports
Congress's Contempt Power and the Enforcement of Congressional Subpoenas: A Sketch
Congressional Salaries and Allowances
Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices
Cost-Benefit and Other Analysis Requirements in the Rulemaking Process
Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements
Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements
Enforcement of Congressional Rules of Conduct: An Historical Overview
Expulsion, Censure, Reprimand, and Fine: Legislative Discipline in the House of Representatives
Federalism, State Sovereignty and the Constitution: Basis and Limits of Congressional Power
Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate
Filling U.S. Senate Vacancies: Perspectives and Contemporary Developments
First-Term Members of the House of Representatives and Senate, 64th-113th Congresses
Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: An Economic Analysis
Foreign Heads of State Addressing Congress
Franking Privilege: Mass Mailings and Mass Communications in the House
Health Benefits for Members of Congress
House Apportionment 2012: States Gaining, Losing, and on the Margin
How Measures Are Brought to the House Floor: A Brief Introduction
Independent Counsels, Special Prosecutors, Special Counsels, and the Role of Congres
Issues in Homeland Security Policy for the 113th Congress
Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress?
Introduction to the Legislative Process in the U.S. Congress
Lame Duck Sessions of Congress, 1935-2012 (74th-112th Congresses)
Leaving Congress: House of Representatives and Senate Departures Data Since 1989
Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Proposals
Legislative Branch: FY2013 Appropriations
Legislative History Research: A Basic Guide
Legislative Research for Congressional Staff: How to Find Documents and Other Resources
Loss of Federal Pensions for Members of Congress Convicted of Certain Offenses
Majority Cloture for Nominations: Implications and the “Nuclear” Proceedings
Members of Congress Who Die in Office: Historic and Current Practices
Membership of the 114th Congress: A Profile
Membership of the 113th Congress: A Profile
Party Leaders in the United States Congress, 1789-2013
Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process
Procedural Analysis of Private Laws Enacted: 1986-2013
Proposals to Change the Operation of Cloture in the Senate
Qualifications of Members of Congress
Questions of the Privileges of the House: An Analysis
Regular Vetoes and Pocket Vetoes: An Overview
Representatives and Senators: Trends in Member Characteristics Since 1945
Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress
Roles and Duties of a Member of Congress
Rules and Practices Governing Consideration of Revenue Legislation in the House and Senate
Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2013
Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables
Secret Sessions of the House and Senate: Authority, Confidentiality, and Frequency
Senate Select Committee on Ethics: A Brief History of Its Evolution and Jurisdiction
Senate Unanimous Consent Agreements: Potential Effects on the Amendment Process
“Sense of” Resolutions and Provisions
Sessions, Adjournments, and Recesses of Congress
Social Media in the House of Representatives: Frequently Asked Questions
Speakers of the House: Elections, 1913-2013
Status of a Member of the House Who Has Been Indicted for or Convicted of a Felony
The Amending Process in the Senate
The Judgment Fund: History, Administration, and Common Usage
The Political Question Doctrine: Justiciability and the Separation of Powers
Veto Override Procedure in the House and Senate
Violence Against Members of Congress and Their Staff: Selected Examples and Congressional Responses
Wartime Detention Provisions in Recent Defense Authorization Legislation
When Congressional Legislation Interferes with Existing Contracts: Legal Issues
Women in Congress: Historical Overview, Tables, and Discussion
Women in the United States Congress: Historical Overview, Tables, and Discussion
Constitutional Issues
Congressional Authority to Regulate Firearms: A Legal Overview
Constitutionality of Retroactive Tax Legislation
Detention of U.S. Persons as Enemy Belligerents
DNA Databanking: Selected Fourth Amendment Issues and Analysis
Drones in Domestic Surveillance Operations: Fourth Amendment Implications and Legislative Responses
Enforcement Use of GPS Devices to Monitor Motor Vehicles: Fourth Amendment Considerations
Exemptions for Firearms in Bankruptcy
Federal Assault Weapons Ban: Legal Issues
Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment
Health Care: Constitutional Rights and Legislative Powers
Home Is Where They Have To Take You In: Right to Entry For U.S. Citizens
Internet Firearm and Ammunition Sales
Legal Issues Related to the Lethal Targeting of U.S. Citizens Suspected of Terrorist Activities
Man without a Country? Expatriation of U.S. Citizen “Foreign Fighters”
NFIB v. Sebelius: Constitutionality of the Individual Mandate
(No) Papers, Please: No Passports for U.S. “Foreign Fighters”
Overview of Selected Federal Criminal Civil Rights Statutes
Prayer and Religious Expression in Public Institutions: A Constitutional Analysis
Racial Profiling: Legal and Constitutional Issues
The Article V Convention to Propose Constitutional Amendments: Contemporary Issues for Congress
The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance: A Legal Overview
The Fourth Amendment Third-Party Doctrine
The No Fly List: Procedural Due Process and Hurdles to Litigation
The Posse Comitatus Act and Related Matters: The Use of the Military to Execute Civilian Law
The Speech or Debate Clause: Constitutional Background and Recent Developments
The Voting Rights Act of 1965: Background and Overview
The War Powers Resolution: After Thirty-Eight Years
Warrantless, Police-Triggered Exigent Searches: Kentucky v. King in the Supreme Court
Wiretapping, Tape Recorders, and Legal Ethics: An Overview of Questions Posed by Attorney Involvement in Secretly Recording Conversation, August 9, 2012
Cyber & Internet Including FOI, Privacy, NSA, Etcetera
Access to Broadband Networks: The Net Neutrality Debate
Access to Government Information In the United States: A Primer
Amazon” Laws and Taxation of Internet Sales: Constitutional Analysis
Bitcoin: Questions, Answers, and Analysis of Legal Issues
Broadband Loan and Grant Programs in the USDA's Rural Utilities Service
Cloud Computing: Constitutional and Statutory Privacy Protections
Cybercrime: Conceptual Issues for Congress and U.S. Law Enforcement
Cyber Operations in DoD Policy and Plans: Issues for Congress
Cybersecurity and Information Sharing: Legal Challenges and Solutions
Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources
Cybersecurity: Authoritative Reports and Resources, by Topic
Cybersecurity: Cyber Crime Protection Security Act (S.2111) — A Legal Analysis
Cybersecurity Issues and Challenges: In Brief
Cybersecurity: Selected Legal Issues
Cyberwarfare and Cyberterrorism: In Brief
Data Security Breach Notification Laws
Deploying 5G (Fifth Generation) Wireless Technology: Is the United States on Track?
ECPA (Part I): Lawful Access to Stored Content
Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) (Part II): Geolocation Privacy and Surveillance
Fairness Doctrine: History and Constitutional Issues
Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Discussion of Proposed Revisions
Federal Laws Relating to Cybersecurity: Overview and Discussion of Proposed Revisions
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Background and Policy Options for the 113th Congress
Funding Emergency Communications: Technology and Policy Considerations
Governmental Tracking of Cell Phones and Vehicles: The Confluence of Privacy, Technology, and Law
Identity Theft: Trends and Issues
Information Warfare: Cyberattacks on Sony
Internet Domain Names: Background and Policy Issues
Internet Firearm and Ammunition Sales
Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress
Issues and Challenges for Federal Geospatial Information
Legislation to Facilitate Cybersecurity Information Sharing: Economic Analysis
Net Neutrality: Selected Legal Issues Raised by the FCC's 2015 Open Internet Order
Overview of Constitutional Challenges to NSA Collection Activities
Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Policy
Privacy: An Abridged Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act
Privacy: An Overview of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping
Privacy: An Overview of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act
Privacy Protection for Customer Financial Information
Privacy Protections for Personal Information Online
Privacy Protection for Customer Financial Information
Promoting Global Internet Freedom: Policy and Technology
Public Access to Data from Federally Funded Research: Provisions in OMB Circular A-110
Radio Broadcasting Chips for Smartphones: A Status Report
Smart Meter Data: Privacy and Cybersecurity
Smartphone Data Encryption: A Renewed Boundary for Law Enforcement?
Social Media and Disasters: Current Uses, Future Options, and Policy Considerations
Spectrum Needs of Self-Driving Vehicles
Spectrum Policy in the Age of Broadband: Issues for Congress
Spectrum Policy: Provisions in the 2012 Spectrum Act
State Taxation of Internet Transactions
Telemarketing Regulation: National and State Do Not Call Registries
Terrorist Use of the Internet: Information Operations in Cyberspace
Text and Multimedia Messaging: Emerging Issues for Congress
The 2013 Cybersecurity Executive Order: Overview and Considerations for Congress
The EMV Chip Card Transition: Background, Status, and Issues for Congress
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Background, Legislation, and Policy Issues
The Future of Internet Governance: Should the U.S. Relinquish Its Authority Over ICANN?
The National Broadband Plan Goals: Where Do We Stand?
The Obama Administration’s Cybersecurity Proposal: Criminal Provisions
The Smart Grid and Cybersecurity — Regulatory Policy and Issues
The Target and Other Financial Data Breaches: Frequently Asked Questions
The Target Data Breach: Frequently Asked Questions
United States v. Jones: GPS Monitoring, Property, and Privacy
Updating the Statutory Framework for Communications for the Digital Age: Issues for Congress
Video Relay Service: Program Funding and Reform
“What the Government Does with Americans' Data”
Debt including Deflation, Fraud, & Inflation
A Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment: Background and Congressional Options
Addressing the Long-Run Budget Deficit: A Comparison of Approaches
Deflation: Economic Significance, Current Risk, and Policy Responses
Financing the U.S. Trade Deficit
Foreign Holdings of Federal Debt
Legislative Procedures for Adjusting the Public Debt Limit: A Brief Overview
Reaching the Debt Limit: Background and Potential Effects on Government Operations
Sovereign Debt in Advanced Economies: Overview and Issues for Congress
Standard & Poor’s Downgrade of U.S. Government Long-Term Debt
The Debt Limit: History and Recent Increases
The Financial Action Task Force: An Overview
The “Fiscal Cliff” and the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
The “Fiscal Cliff”: Macroeconomic Consequences of Tax Increases and Spending Cuts
The MF Global Bankruptcy, Missing Customer Funds, and Proposals for Reform
The Paris Club and International Debt Relief
The Sustainability of the Federal Budget Deficit: Market Confidence and Economic Effects
The United States as a Net Debtor Nation: Overview of the International Investment Position
Treasury Securities and the U.S. Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market
Defense
All — Generic Issues
2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force: Issues Concerning Its Continued Application
A Historical Perspective on “Hollow Forces,”
Defense Acquisitions: How and Where DOD Spends Its Contracting Dollars
Defense Acquisitions: How DOD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process
Defense: FY2015 Authorization and Appropriations
Defense: FY2014 Authorization and Appropriations
Department of Defense Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background and Analysis
Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress
Department of Defense Food Procurement: Background and Status
Department of Defense Trends in Overseas Contract Obligations
Detainee Provisions in the National Defense Authorization Bills
DOD Alternative Fuels: Policy, Initiatives and Legislative Activity
DOD Purchase of Renewable Energy Credits Under the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012
Government Shutdown: Operations of the Department of Defense During a Lapse in Appropriations
Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments
In Brief: Assessing DOD’s New Strategic Guidance
Increased Department of Defense Role in U.S. Ebola Response
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2014
Military Justice: Courts-Martial, An Overview
National Security Strategy: Mandates, Execution to Date, and Issues for Congress
NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues
No-Fly Zones: Strategic, Operational, and Legal Considerations for Congress
Rare Earth Elements in National Defense: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress
Securing America’s Borders: The Role of the Military
Security Assistance Reform: “Section 1206” Background and Issues for Congress
The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and Defense Strategy: Issues for Congress
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11
The Evolution of Cooperative Threat Reduction: Issues for Congress
The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2012 and Beyond: Detainee Matters
The National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment
The Nunn-McCurdy Act: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress
The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands: Background and Issues for Congress
The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice
Threats to U.S. National Security Interests in Space: Orbital Debris Mitigation and Removal
“U.S. Arms Sales: Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2003-2010”
U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Current Conflicts
War in Afghanistan: Strategy, Military Operations, and Issues for Congress
Women in Combat: Issues for Congress
Defense – Base Closure, Military Construction, & Surplus Disposal
Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC): Transfer and Disposal of Military Property
Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal: Background Information
Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal, Including the Law Enforcement 1033 Program
Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments
Military Base Closure: Socioeconomic Impacts
Military Construction: Analysis of the FY2012 Appropriation and Authorization
Defense – C4ISR & Network Enabled Capabilities (NEC)
Defense – Energy
Department of Defense Energy Initiatives: Background and Issues for Congress
The Navy Biofuel Initiative Under the Defense Production Act
Defense – Force Structure Including Coast Guard
Air Force F-22 Fighter Program
Army Drawdown and Restructuring: Background and Issues for Congress
Budget Highlight: Air Force Long Range Strike Bomber
C-130 Hercules: Background, Sustainment, Modernization, Issues for Congress
Chemical Weapons: A Summary Report of Characteristics and Effects
Cluster Munitions: Background and Issues for Congress
Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress
Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress
Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues
Defense Acquisition Reform: Background, Analysis, and Issues for Congress
Defense Acquisitions: How DOD Acquires Weapon Systems and Recent Efforts to Reform the Process
F-35 Alternate Engine Program: Background and Issues for Congress
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress
Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Irregular Warfare and Counterterrorism Operations: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program: Background, Issues and Options for Congress
Navy LX(R) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Ship Names: Background For Congress
Navy TAO(X) Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress
Proposed Retirement of A-10 Aircraft: Background in Brief
The Army’s Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
The Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV): Background and Issues for Congress
The Unified Command Plan and Combatant Commands: Background and Issues for Congress
U.S. Air Force Bomber Sustainment and Modernization: Background and Issues for Congress
U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress
Defense – Missiles & Missile Defense
Ballistic Missile Defense in the Asia-Pacific Region: Cooperation and Opposition
Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues
Proliferation of Precision Strike: Issues for Congress
Defense – Nuclear, Chemical, Biological
Bond v. United States: Validity and Construction of the Federal Chemical Weapons Statute
Chemical Weapons: A Summary Report of Characteristics and Effects
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments
Nuclear Weapons R&D Organizations in Nine Nations
Options to Help Meet a Congressional Requirement for Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production
U.S. Nuclear Weapon “Pit” Production Options for Congress
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
Defense – Personnel
American War and Military Operations Casualties: Lists and Statistics
Employment for Veterans: Trends and Programs
Funeral Protests: Selected Federal Laws and Constitutional Issues
FY2015 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues
FY2014 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Issues
FY2013 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues
FY2012 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues,
GI Bills Enacted Prior to 2008 and Related Veterans’ Educational Assistance Programs: A Primer
Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Health Care for Veterans: Traumatic Brain Injury
Improving Health Care Access for Veterans: H.R. 3230
Medal of Honor: History and Issues
Mental Disorders Among OEF/OIF Veterans Using VA Health Care: Facts and Figures
Military Funeral Honors and Military Cemeteries: Frequently Asked Questions
Military Medical Care: Questions and Answers
Military Pay: Key Questions and Answers
Military Retirement Reform: A Review of Proposals and Options for Congress
Military Service Records and Unit Histories: A Guide to Locating Sources
Military Sexual Assault: Chronology of Activity in Congress and Related Resources
Overview of the Appeal Process for Veterans’ Claims
Recipients of the Congressional Medal of Honor
Reserve Component Personnel Issues: Questions and Answers
SBA Veterans Assistance Programs: An Analysis of Contemporary Issues
Sexual Assaults Under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ): Selected Legislative Proposals
Suicide Prevention Efforts of the Veterans Health Administration
Suicide, PTSD, and Substance Use Among OEF/OIF Veterans Using VA Health Care: Facts and Figures
The Military Commissions Act of 2009 (MCA 2009): Overview and Legal Issues
The Number of Veterans That Use VA Health Care Services: A Fact Sheet
The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill): Primer and Issues
The Purple Heart: Background and Issues for Congress
VA Housing: Guaranteed Loans, Direct Loans, and Specially Adapted Housing Grants
Veterans Affairs: Historical Budget Authority, FY1940-FY2012
Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange: Legislative History, Litigation, and Current Issues
Veterans' Medical Care: FY2015 Appropriations
Veterans’ Medical Care: FY2013 Appropriations
What are the Department of Defense (DOD) Policies on Transgender Service?
When Will DOD Modernize its Electronic Health Records Systems?
“Who is a Veteran?” — Basic Eligibility for Veterans’ Benefits
Women in Combat: Issues for Congress
Defense – Private Military Corporations
Drugs, Drug Testing
A Federal Pause in Potentially Risky Influenza Research
Federal Proposals to Tax Marijuana: An Economic Analysis
Reauthorizing the Office of National Drug Control Policy: Issues for Consideration
Education including Student Loans
501(c)(3) Organizations: What Qualifies as “Educational”?
An Analysis of STEM Education Funding at the NSF: Trends and Policy Discussion
Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006: Implementation Issues
Common Core State Standards and Assessments: Background and Issues
ESEA Reauthorization Proposals in the 113th Congress: Comparison of Major Features
Federal Student Loan Forgiveness and Loan Repayment Programs
Federal Support for Academic Research
Financial Aid for Students: Online Resources
Financial Aid for Students: Print and Web Guides
Higher Education Tax Benefits: Brief Overview and Budgetary Effects
Interest Rates on Subsidized Stafford Loans to Undergraduate Students
School Construction and Renovation: A Review of Federal Programs
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: A Primer
Sexual Violence at Institutions of Higher Education
Student Bullying: Overview of Research, Federal Initiatives, and Legal Issues
Teacher Quality Issues in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting: Federal Funding and Issues
The Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 (Post-9/11 GI Bill): Primer and Issues
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Categorical Eligibility
Title IX, Sex Discrimination, and Intercollegiate Athletics: A Legal Overview
Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and “DREAM Act” Legislation
Unemployment Compensation (UC): Eligibility for Students Under State and Federal Laws
Value-Added Modeling for Teacher Effectiveness
Electoral
As Midterm Election Approaches, State Election Laws Challenged
Campaign Contribution Limits: Selected Questions About McCutcheon and Policy Issues for Congress
Candidates, Groups, and the Campaign Finance Environment
Congressional Redistricting: An Overview
Congressional Redistricting and the Voting Rights Act: A Legal Overview
Contemporary Developments in Presidential Elections
Funding of Presidential Nominating Conventions: An Overview
FutureGen: A Brief History and Issues for Congress
Political Ads: Issue Advocacy or Campaign Activity Under the Tax Code?
Proposals to Eliminate Public Financing of Presidential Campaigns
Super PACs in Federal Elections: Overview and Issues for Congress
The Electoral College: How It Works in Contemporary Presidential Elections
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993: History, Implementation, and Effects
The State of Campaign Finance Policy: Recent Developments and Issues for Congress
Energy
An Overview of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas: Resources and Federal Actions
Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Technology Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
Analysis of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) in the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS)
Canadian Oil Sands: Life-Cycle Assessments of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
China and the United States — A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies
Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal
Congressional Roll Call Votes on the Keystone XL Pipeline
Effects of Radiation from Fukushima Dai-ichi on the U.S. Marine Environment
Energy Projects on Federal Lands: Leasing and Authorization
Energy and Water Development: FY2013 Appropriations
Energy Policy: 113th Congress Issues
Energy Storage for Power Grids and Electric Transportation: A Technology Assessment
Energy Tax Incentives: Measuring Value Across Different Types of Energy Resources
Energy-Water Nexus: The Energy Sector's Water Use
Energy-Water Nexus: The Water Sector's Energy Use
European Union Wind and Solar Electricity Policies: Overview and Considerations
Europe's Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification
Financing Natural Catastrophe Exposure: Issues and Options for Improving Risk Transfer Markets
Global Natural Gas: A Growing Resource
Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Issues
Hydraulic Fracturing: Chemical Disclosure Requirements
Hydropower: Federal and Nonfederal Investment
Implication’s of Egypt’s Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply
Increasing the Efficiency of Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants
Interstate Natural Gas Pipelines: Process and Timing of FERC Permit Application Review
Israel’s Offshore Natural Gas Discoveries Enhance Its Economic and Energy Outlook
Keystone XL: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessments in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS)
Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments
Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues
Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Policy Implications of Expanding Global Access to Nuclear Power
Mixed-Oxide Fuel Fabrication Plant and Plutonium Disposition: Management and Policy Issues
Natural Gas for Cars and Trucks: Options and Challenges
Natural Gas in the U.S. Economy: Opportunities for Growth
Nuclear Energy: Overview of Congressional Issues
Nuclear Power Plant Design and Seismic Safety Considerations
Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities
Oil and Natural Gas Industry Tax Issues in the FY2014 Budget Proposal
Oil Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline: Background and Selected Environmental Issues
Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Policy
Prospects for Coal in Electric Power and Industry
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs
Scientific Basis of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Actions: H.R. 1422 and H.R. 4012
Small Refineries and Oil Field Processors: Opportunities and Challenges
Social Media and Disasters: Current Uses, Future Options, and Policy Considerations
Tesla's Home Battery–An Electricity Storage Breakthrough?
The Navy Biofuel Initiative Under the Defense Production Act
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: Authorization, Operation, and Drawdown Policy
U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Federal and Non-Federal Areas
U.S. Energy: Overview and Key Statistics
U.S. Natural Gas Exports: New Opportunities, Uncertain Outcomes
U.S. Renewable Electricity Generation: Resources and Challenges
U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support
U.S. Wind Turbine Manufacturing: Federal Support for an Emerging Industry
Weather-Related Power Outages and Electric System Resiliency
Environment & Environmental Degradation and Disasters
Analysis of H.R. 5781, California Emergency Drought Relief Act of 2014
Asian Carp and the Great Lakes Region
Air Quality: EPA’s 2013 Changes to the Particulate Matter (PM) Standard
Army Corps of Engineers Water Resource Projects: Authorization and Appropriations
Automobile and Truck Fuel Economy (CAFE) and Greenhouse Gas Standards
Bee Health: The Role of Pesticides
Canadian Oil Sands: Life-Cycle Assessments of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS): A Primer
Carbon Capture: A Technology Assessment
Carbon Tax: Deficit Reduction and Other Considerations
Cars, Trucks, and Climate: EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases from Mobile Sources
Chemical Facility Security: Issues and Options for the 113th Congress
Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals
Civilian Nuclear Waste Disposal
Clean Coal Loan Guarantees and Tax Incentives: Issues in Brief
Clean Water Act and Pollutant Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)
Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress
Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey of Legal Issues Past, Present, and Future
Climate Change: Conceptual Approaches and Policy Tools
Climate Change Legislation in the 113th Congress
Climate Summit 2014: Warm-Up for 2015
Conflict Minerals and Resource Extraction: Dodd-Frank, SEC Regulations, and Legal Challenges
Congressional Primer on Major Disasters and Emergencies
Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
Congressional Roll Call Votes on the Keystone XL Pipeline
Considerations for a Catastrophic Declaration: Issues and Analysis
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Recent Activities and Ongoing Developments
Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: The Fate of the Oil
Desalination: Technologies, Use, and Congressional Issues
Drought in the United States: Causes and Current Understanding
Drought in the United States: Causes and Issues for Congress
Earthquakes: Risk, Detection, Warning, and Research
Effects of Radiation from Fukushima Daiichi on the U.S. Marine Environment
Emergency Relief Program: Federal-Aid Highway Assistance for Disaster-Damaged Roads and Bridges
Energy-Water Nexus: The Energy Sector's Water Use
Energy-Water Nexus: The Water Sector's Energy Use
Environmental Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Appropriations for FY2014 in P.L. 113-76
Environmental Regulation and Agriculture
EPA and the Army Corps' Proposed Rule to Define “Waters of the United States”
EPA Regulation of Greenhouse Gases: Congressional Responses and Options
EPA's Proposed Clean Power Plan: Conversion to Mass-Based Emission Targets
EPA's Proposed CO2 Rule for Existing Power Plants: How Would It Affect Nuclear Energy?
EPA's Proposed Greenhouse Gas Regulations for Existing Power Plants: Frequently Asked Questions
EPA Standards for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Power Plants: Many Questions, Some Answers
EPA's Upcoming Ozone Standard: How Much Will Compliance Cost?
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
Federal Grants-in-Aid Administration: A Primer
Federal Involvement in Flood Response and Flood Infrastructure Repair: Storm Sandy Recovery
Federal Pollution Control Laws: How Are They Enforced?
Federal Regulation of Chemicals in Commerce: An Overview of Issues for the 113th Congress
FEMA’s Community Disaster Loan Program: History, Analysis, and Issues for Congress
Financing Natural Catastrophe Exposure: Issues and Options for Improving Risk Transfer Markets
Financing Recovery After a Catastrophic Earthquake or Nuclear Power Incident
Follow-On Biologics: The Law and Intellectual Property Issues
FY2013 Supplemental Funding for Disaster Relief: Summary and Considerations for Congress
Geoengineering: Governance and Technology Policy
Human-Induced Earthquakes from Deep-Well Injection: A Brief Overview
Hydraulic Fracturing and Safe Drinking Water Act Issues
Hydraulic Fracturing and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA): Selected Issues
Hydraulic Fracturing: Selected Legal Issues
Implementation of Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS): Issues for Congress
Insurance and Climate Change: Do Governments Have a Duty to Protect Property Owners?
International Climate Change Financing: The Green Climate Fund (GCF)
Japan’s 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States
Keeping America’s Pipelines Safe and Secure: Key Issues for Congress
Keystone XL: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Assessments in the Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS)
Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments
Keystone XL Pipeline Project: Key Issues
Legal Issues Associated with the Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline
Major Disaster Declarations for Snow Assistance and Severe Winter Storms: An Overview
Manufacturing Nuclear Weapon “Pits”: A Decisionmaking Approach for Congress
Mountaintop Mining: Background on Current Controversies
Nanotechnology and Environmental, Health, and Safety: Issues for Consideration
National Park System: Establishing New Units
National Security and Emergency Preparedness Communications: A Summary of Executive Order 13618
Nondiscrimination in Environmental Regulation: A Legal Analysis
Nuclear Power Plant Sites: Maps of Seismic Hazards and Population Centers
Oil and Chemical Spills: Federal Emergency Response Framework
Oil Sands and the Keystone XL Pipeline: Background and Selected Environmental Issues
Ozone Air Quality Standards: EPA's 2015 Revision
Preparing for Disasters: FEMA's New National Preparedness Report Released
President Obama’s Climate Action Plan
Regulation of Fertilizers: Ammonium Nitrate and Anhydrous Ammonia
Regulating Coal Combustion Waste Disposal: Issues for Congress
Rio+20: The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, June 2012
Scientific Basis of Environmental Protection Agency Actions: H.R. 1029 and H.R. 1030
SEC Climate Change Disclosure Guidance: An Overview and Congressional Concerns
Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in the United States
Shale Gas Gathering Pipelines: Safety Issues
Stafford Act Declarations 1953-2011: Trends and Analyses, and Implications for Congress
State CO2 Emission Rate Goals in EPA's Proposed Rule for Existing Power Plants
Summary Report: Congressional Action on the FY2013 Disaster Supplemental
The 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under the Oil Pollution Act
The Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Claims of Property Rights “Takings”
The Endangered Species Act and “Sound Science”
The FutureGen Carbon Capture and Sequestration Project: A Brief History and Issues for Congress
The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2016
The Global Climate Change Initiative (GCCI): Budget Authority and Request, FY2010-FY2013
The Helium-3 Shortage: Supply, Demand, and Options for Congress
The Japanese Nuclear Incident: Technical Aspects
The Motor Vehicle Supply Chain: Effects of the Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami
The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP): Issues in Brief
The National Flood Insurance Program: Status and Remaining Issues for Congress
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Lessons Learned and Issues for Policy Makers
Update on Controlling Greenhouse Gases from International Aviation
U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Recent Trends and Factors
U.S. Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage
U.S. Tsunami Programs: A Brief Overview
Weather-Related Power Outages and Electric System Resiliency
Wildfire Management: Hotshot Crews
Why Some Fuel-Efficient Vehicles Are Not Sold Domestically
Executive / Government Operations
Advertising by the Federal Government: An Overview
Can Contractionary Fiscal Policy Be Expansionary?
Common Questions About Federal Records and Related Agency Requirements
Common Questions About Postage and Stamps
Comparing Compensation for Federal and Private-Sector Workers: An Overview
Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies
Cost-Benefit and Other Analysis Requirements in the Rulemaking Process
Definitions of “Inherently Governmental Function” in Federal Procurement Law and Guidance
DHS Headquarters Consolidation Project: Issues for Congress
Evaluating the “Past Performance” of Federal Contractors: Legal Requirements and Issues
Executive Branch Reorganization Initiatives During the 112th Congress: A Brief Overview
Executive Orders: Issuance, Modification, and Revocation
Federal Building and Facility Security: Frequently Asked Questions
Federal Conspiracy Law: A Brief Overview
Federal Depository Library Program: Issues for Congress
Federal Financial Reporting: An Overview
Federal Holidays: Evolution and Current Practices
Federal Land Ownership: Current Acquisition and Disposal Authorities
Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data
Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB
Financial Disclosure by Federal Officials and Publication of Disclosure Reports
Former Presidents: Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits
Gifts to the President of the United States
Government Transparency and Secrecy: An Examination of Its Meaning and Use in the Executive Branch
Inauguration Security: Operations, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress
In Brief: Clarifying the Concept of “Partnership” in National Security
Insourcing Functions Performed by Federal Contractors: An Overview of the Legal Issues
Interagency Collaborative Arrangements and Activities: Types, Rationales, Considerations
Internships, Fellowships, and Other Work Experience Opportunities in the Federal Government
Locate an Agency or Program Within Appropriations Bills
Obama Library Likely Headed to Chicago's South Side
OSC Rule Seemingly Expands Federal Contractor Whistleblower Rights
Outside Employment, “Moonlighting,” by Federal Executive Branch Employees
Overview of Federal Real Property Disposal Requirements and Procedures
Overview of the Federal Tax System
Post-Employment, “Revolving Door,” Laws for Federal Personnel
Presidential Appointee Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation and Committees Handling Nominations
Presidential Authority to Impose Requirements on Federal Contractors
Presidential Claims of Executive Privilege: History, Law, Practice, and Recent Developments
Presidential Reorganization Authority: History, Recent Initiatives, and Options for Congress
Presidential Review of Independent Regulatory Commission Rulemaking: Legal Issues
Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional and Institutional Implications
Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding
Presidential Travel: Policy and Costs
President of the United States: Compensation
Qualifications for President and the “Natural Born” Citizenship Eligibility Requirement
Reauthorizing the Office of National Drug Control Policy: Issues for Consideration
Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions
Recess Appointments Made by President Barack Obama
Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects
Sourcing Policy: Selected Developments and Issues
Terminating Contracts for the Government's Convenience: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
The Bureau of Prisons (BOP): Operations and Budget
The Corporate Income Tax System: Overview and Options for Reform
The Defense Production Act of 1950: History, Authorities, and Reauthorization
The Executive Budget Process: An Overview
The Federal Budget: Overview and Issues for FY2015 and Beyond
The Freedom of Information Act and Nondisclosure Provisions in Other Federal Laws
The Peace Corps: Current Issues
The Presidential Records Act: Background and Recent Issues for Congress
The National Security Council: An Organizational Assessment
The Obama Administration’s Feed the Future Initiative
The Presidential Records Act: Background and Recent Issues for Congress
The President's Budget: Overview of Structure and Timing of Submission to Congress
The President’s State of the Union Address: Tradition, Function, and Policy Implications
The Recess Appointment Power After Noel Canning v. NLRB: Constitutional Implications
The Receipt of Gifts by Federal Employees in the Executive Branch
The Senior Executive Service: Background and Options for Reform
The Peace Corps: Current Issues
Tracking Federal Funds: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources
USCIS Funding and Accountability to Congress
U.S. International Corporate Taxation: Basic Concepts and Policy Issues
U.S. Postal Service: Background and Analysis of H.R. 2309 and S.1789 in the 112th Congress
The U.S. Postal Service: Common Questions About Post Office Closures
The U.S. Postal Service's Financial Condition: A Primer
The U.S. Postal Service’s Use of Contractors to Deliver Mail: Background and Recent Developments
The U.S. Postal Service’s Financial Condition: Overview and Issues for Congress
The U.S. Secret Service: An Examination and Analysis of Its Evolving Missions
U.S. Secret Service Protection Mission Funding and Staffing: Fact Sheet
War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance
Family including Abortion & Poverty
Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy
Abortion: Judicial History and Legislative Response
A Guide to Describing the Income Distribution
Aviation War Risk Insurance: Background and Options for Congress
Child Support: An Overview of Census Bureau Data on Recipients
Child Support Enforcement Program Incentive Payments: Background and Policy Issues
Child Well-Being and Noncustodial Fathers
Domestic Food Assistance: Summary of Programs
Fatherhood Initiatives: Connecting Fathers to Their Children
Freedom of Navigation and Territorial Seas
Juvenile Victims of Domestic Sex Trafficking: Juvenile Justice Issues
Nonmarital Births: An Overview
Same-Sex Marriage and Supreme Court: United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry
Same-Sex Marriage: A Legal Background After United States v. Windsor
Same-Sex Marriage: A Legal Overview
Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues
Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States: Overview and Issues for Congress
Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families: Welfare Waivers
The Proposed Equal Rights Amendment: Contemporary Ratification Issues
The Unemployed and Job Openings: A Data Primer
The Violence Against Women Act: Overview, Legislation, and Federal Funding
U.S. Household Savings for Retirement in 2010
Welfare, Work, and Poverty Status of Female-Headed Families with Children: 1987-2013
Who's Your Mommy/Daddy? Citizenship Policy Evolves with Medical Technology
Foreign Relations
All — Generic Issues
Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements
Balancing Tourism against Terrorism: The Visa Waiver Program
Building Civilian Interagency Capacity for Missions Abroad: Key Proposals and Issues for Congress
Building the Capacity of Partner States Through Security Force Assistance
Civilian Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act: Federal Contractor Criminal Liability Overseas
Climate Summit 2014: Warm-Up for 2015
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Background and Current Developments
Conflict Minerals and Resource Extraction: Dodd-Frank, SEC Regulations, and Legal Challenges
Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2004-2011
Does Foreign Aid Work? Efforts to Evaluate U.S. Foreign Assistance
Eleventh Circuit Provides Guidance for the Definition of “Foreign Official” under the FCPA
Extraterritorial Application of American Criminal Law
Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy
Foreign Assistance: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)
Foreign Aid: An Introduction to U.S. Programs and Policy
Foreign Heads of State Addressing Congress
Foreign Investment and National Security: Economic Considerations
Foreign Ownership of U.S. Financial Assets: Implications of a Withdrawal
Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade and Implications for U.S. Trade Policy
Global Access to Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation: U.S. and International Programs
Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF): Summary and Issue Overview
Hague Convention Treaty on Recovery of International Child Support and H.R. 1896
Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress
Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress
In Brief: Clarifying the Concept of “Partnership” in National Security
International Climate Change Financing: The Green Climate Fund (GCF)
International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute: 2010 Review Conference
International Crises and Disasters: U.S. Humanitarian Assistance Response Mechanisms
International Drug Control Policy: Background and U.S. Responses
International Food Aid: U.S. and Other Donor Contributions
International Illegal Trade in Wildlife: Threats and U.S. Policy
International Monetary Fund: Background and Issues for Congress
International Trade and Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress
Membership in the United Nations and Its Specialized Agencies
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress
Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY2000-FY2015
NAFTA at 20: Overview and Trade Effects
No-Fly Zones: Strategic, Operational, and Legal Considerations for Congress
Osama bin Laden’s Death: Implications and Considerations
Proliferation Control Regimes: Background and Status
Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)
Promoting Global Internet Freedom: Policy and Technology
Rare Earth Elements: The Global Supply Chain
Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy
Rio+20: The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, June 2012
Rising Economic Powers and the Global Economy: Trends and Issues for Congress
Samantar v. Yousef: The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and Foreign Officials
Securing U.S. Diplomatic Facilities and Personnel Abroad: Background and Policy Issues
Security Assistance Reform: “Section 1206″ Background and Issues for Congress
Sovereign Debt in Advanced Economies: Overview and Issues for Congress
State Sponsors of Acts of International Terrorism–Legislative Parameters
Terrorism and Transnational Crime: Foreign Policy Issues for Congress
Terrorist Watch List Screening and Background Checks for Firearms
The Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund (CTPF) Proposal: Questions for Congress
The Eurozone Crisis: Overview and Issues for Congress
The G-20 and International Economic Cooperation: Background and Implications for Congress
The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions
The Paris Club and International Debt Relief
The Peace Corps: Current Issues
The Proposed Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement: Background and Key Issues
The Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review (QDDR)
The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
The United Nations Human Rights Council: Issues for Congress
The World Bank Group Energy Sector Strategy
Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean
Trafficking in Persons: International Dimensions and Foreign Policy Issues for Congress
United Nations Regular Budget Contributions: Members Compared, 1990-2010
United Nations System Funding: Congressional Issues
U.S. Defense Articles and Services Supplied to Foreign Recipients: Restrictions on Their Use
U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues
U.S. Foreign-Trade Zones: Background and Issues for Congress
U.S. Global Food Security Funding, FY2010-FY2012
U.S. Immigration Policy: Chart Book of Key Trends
U.S. International Broadcasting: Background and Issues for Reform
U.S. International Investment Agreements: Issues for Congress
U.S. Periods of War and Dates of Current Conflicts
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of HIV/AIDS: Basic Facts
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Malaria: Basic Facts
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Tuberculosis: Basic Facts
All — Regional Issues
African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA): Background and Reauthorization
Afro-Latinos in Latin America and Considerations for U.S. Policy
Agriculture in the WTO Bali Ministerial Agreement
Al Qaeda-Affiliated Groups: Middle East and Africa
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): A Primer for the 114th Congress
Ballistic Missile Defense in the Asia-Pacific Region: Cooperation and Opposition
Central America Regional Security Initiative: Background and Policy Issues for Congress
Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
Change in the Middle East: Implications for U.S. Policy
Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress
Chemical Regulation in the European Union: Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals
China’s Currency Policy: An Analysis of the Economic Issues
Conflict Minerals in Central Africa: U.S. and International Responses
Considerations for Possible Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State
Countering Terrorism in East Africa: The U.S. Response
European Fighters in Syria and Iraq: Assessments, Responses, and Issues for the United States
European Union Wind and Solar Electricity Policies: Overview and Considerations
Europe’s Energy Security: Options and Challenges to Natural Gas Supply Diversification
EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope, and Magnitude
Guam: U.S. Defense Deployments
Horn of Africa Region: The Humanitarian Crisis and International Response
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2014
International Criminal Court Cases in Africa: Status and Policy Issues
International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon U.S. Law
Islamic State Financing and U.S. Policy Approaches
Latin America and Climate Change
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Economic and Social Indicators
Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections
Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues for the 114th Congress
Latin America and the Caribbean: Key Issues for the 113th Congress
Latin America: Terrorism Issues
Maritime Territorial Disputes in East Asia: Issues for Congress
Middle East and North Africa Unrest: Implications for Oil and Natural Gas Markets
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Is It a Health Emergency?
NATO: Response to the Crisis in Ukraine and Security Concerns in Central and Eastern Europe
NATO's Wales Summit: Expected Outcomes and Key Challenge
Organization of American States: Background and Issues for Congress
Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration’s ‘Rebalancing’ Toward Asia
Proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP): In Brief
Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America: An Overview and Selected Issues
Senkaku (Diaoyu/Diaoyutai) Islands Dispute: U.S. Treaty Obligations
The 2014 European Parliament Elections: Outcomes and Implications
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: Postscript
The European Capital Markets Union
The European Union: Foreign and Security Policy
The European Union: Questions and Answers
The Eurozone Crisis: Overview and Issues for Congress
The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States
The “Islamic State” Crisis and U.S. Policy
The Jackson-Vanik Amendment and Candidate Countries for WTO Accession: Issues for Congress
The Lord’s Resistance Army: The U.S. Response
The Obama Administration's Proposed AUMF Against the Islamic State: Some Immediate Takeaways
The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations and Issues for Congress
The United States and Europe: Current Issues
Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Countries: Comparative Trade and Economic Analysis
Unaccompanied Children from Central America: Foreign Policy Considerations
U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit: Frequently Asked Questions and Background
U.S. Citizens Kidnapped by the Islamic State
U.S. Tsunami Program: A Brief Overview
U.S.-EU Cooperation Against Terrorism
U.S.-EU Cooperation on Ukraine and Russia
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2015 Appropriations
U.S. Foreign Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean: Recent Trends and FY2013 Appropriations
U.S. Military Aid To Central Asia: Who Benefits?”
U.S. Trade and Investment in the Middle East and North Africa: Overview and Issues for Congress
Afghanistan
Afghanistan Casualties: Military Forces and Civilians
Afghanistan: Drug Trafficking and the 2014 Transition
Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
Afghanistan: U.S. Rule of Law and Justice Sector Assistance
In Brief: Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan? Issues for Congress
Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs
“Surge Recovery” and Next Steps in the War in Afghanistan: In Brief
U.S. Military Action Against the Islamic State: Answers to Frequently Asked Legal Questions
U.S. Textile Manufacturing and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations
War in Afghanistan: Campaign Progress, Political Strategy, and Issues for Congress
War in Afghanistan: Strategy, Military Operations, and Issues for Congress
Algeria
Argentina
Argentina: Background and U.S. Relations
Argentina’s Defaulted Sovereign Debt: Dealing with the “Holdouts”
Armenia
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
Australia
Australia: Background and U.S. Relations
U.S.-Australia Civilian Nuclear Cooperation: Issues for Congress
Azerbaijan
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
Azerbaijan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
Bahrain
Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy
Bali
Agriculture in the WTO Bali Ministerial Agreement
Bangladesh
Bangladesh Apparel Factory Collapse: Background in Brief
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
Brazil
Brazil: Political and Economic Situation and U.S. Relations
Burma (see Myanmar)
Cambodia
Cambodia: Background and U.S. Relations
U.S.-Cambodia Relations: Issues for the 113th Congress
Canada
Financial Market Supervision: Canada’s Perspective
The U.S.-Canada Energy Relationship: Joined at the Well
Chile
Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
China
A Guide to China’s Upcoming Leadership Transitions
China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues
China and the United States — A Comparison of Green Energy Programs and Policies
China, Internet Freedom, and U.S. Policy
China's Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ)
China’s Banking System: Issues for Congress
China’s Currency: A Summary of the Economic Issues
China’s Economic Rise: History, Trends, Challenges, and Implications for the United States
China’s Holdings of U.S. Securities: Implications for the U.S. Economy
China's Leaders Quash Hong Kong's Hopes for Democratic Election Reforms
China's Mineral Industry and U.S. Access to Strategic and Critical Minerals: Issues for Congress
China's Political Institutions and Leaders in Charts
China’s Rare Earth Industry and Export Regime: Economic and Trade Implications for the United States
China’s Sovereign Wealth Fund: Developments and Policy Implications
China’s Steel Industry and Its Impact on the United States: Issues for Congress
China’s Vice President Xi Jinping Visits the United States: What Is at Stake?
Chinese Tire Imports: Section 421 Safeguards and the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 113th Congress
Maritime Territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Disputes Involving China: Issues for Congress
President Obama's November 2014 Visit to China: The Bilateral Agreements
Prospects for Democracy in Hong Kong: Results of the 2012 Elections
Taiwan: Major U.S. Arms Sales Since 1990
The “Islamic State” Crisis and U.S. Policy
Understanding China’s Political System
U.S. Assistance Programs in China
U.S.-China Diplomacy Over Chinese Legal Advocate Chen Guangcheng
U.S.-China Relations: Policy Issues
U.S.-Chinese Motor Vehicle Trade: Overview and Issues
U.S.-China Military Contacts: Issues for Congress
U.S. Clothing and Textile Trade with China and the World: Trends Since the End of Quotas
U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues
What’s the Difference? — Comparing U.S. and Chinese Trade Data
Colombia
Colombia: Background, U.S. Relations, and Congressional Interest
The U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Background and Issues
Cuba
Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues
Cuba: Issues for the 114th Congress
Cuba: Issues for the 112th Congress
Cuba: U.S. Policy and Issues for the 113th Congress
Cuba: U.S. Restrictions on Travel and Remittances
Cyprus
Cyprus: Reunification Proving Elusive
Cyprus: Status of U.N. Negotiations and Related Issues
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of Congo: Background and U.S. Policy
Ecuador
Ecuador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
Egypt
Egypt and the IMF: Overview and Issues for Congress
Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations
Egypt in Crisis: Issues for Congres
Egypt: The January 25 Revolution and Implications for U.S. Foreign Policy
Implication’s of Egypt’s Turmoil on Global Oil and Natural Gas Supply
The Islamic State in Egypt: Implications for U.S.-Egyptian Relations
El Salvador
El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations
El Salvador: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
Georgia
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
Georgia’s October 2012 Legislative Election: Outcome and Implications
Georgia's October 2013 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
Georgia [Republic]: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
Guatemala
Guatemala: Political, Security, and Socio-Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
Haiti
Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current Congressional Concerns
Haiti Under President Martelly: Current Conditions and Congressional Concerns
Honduras
Hong Kong (see China)
India
India: Domestic Issues, Strategic Dynamics, and U.S. Relations
India's New Government and Implications for U.S. Interests
India-U.S. Security Relations: Current Engagement
U.S.-India Security Relations: Strategic Issues
U.S. Nuclear Cooperation With India: Issues for Congress
Indonesia
Indonesia's 2014 Presidential Election
Iran
Achievements of and Outlook for Sanctions on Iran
Department of Defense Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background and Analysis
Interim Agreement on Iran's Nuclear Program
Iran: Efforts to Achieve a Nuclear Accord
Iran’s Ballistic Missile and Space Launch Programs
Iran, Gulf Security, and U.S. Policy
Iran: Interim Nuclear Agreement and Talks on a Comprehensive Accord
Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation
Iran’s Nuclear Program: Status
Iran’s Nuclear Program: Tehran’s Compliance with International Obligations
Iran’s Threat to the Strait of Hormuz
Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses
Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions
The Iran Hostages: Efforts to Obtain CompensationIran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions
Iraq
Conflict in Syria and Iraq: Implications for Religious Minorities
Department of Defense Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background and Analysis
Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs
Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy
Iraq: Politics, Governance, and Human Rights
The Kurds and Possible Iraqi Kurdish Independence
The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan?
Use of Force Considerations in Iraq
Ireland
Northern Ireland: The Peace Process
Israel
Israel and Hamas: Another Round of Conflict
Israel: Background and U.S. Relations
Israeli-Arab Negotiations: Background, Conflicts, and U.S. Policy
Israel: Possible Military Strike Against Iran’s Nuclear Facilities
Israel's Iron Dome Anti-Rocket System: U.S. Assistance and Coproduction
Israel’s Offshore Natural Gas Discoveries Enhance Its Economic and Energy Outlook
Japan including Okinawa
Japan’s 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States
Japan’s Possible Entry Into the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Its Implications
Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress
New U.S.-Japan Defense Guidelines Deepen Alliance Cooperation
The Japanese Nuclear Incident: Technical Aspects
The U.S. Military Presence in Okinawa and the Futenma Base Controversy
U.S.-Japan Economic Relations: Significance, Prospects, and Policy Options
“Womenomics” in Japan: In Brief
Jordan
Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations
The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan?
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
Kenya
In Brief: The September 2013 Terrorist Attack in Kenya
Kenya: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
Korea – North & South
Foreign Assistance to North Korea
Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation
Kim Jong-il’s Death: Implications for North Korea’s Stability and U.S. Policy
Non-Governmental Organizations’ Activities in North Korea
North Korea: Back on the State Sponsors of Terrorism Lists?
North Korea’s 2009 Nuclear Test: Containment, Monitoring, Implications
North Korea: Legislative Basis for U.S. Economic Sanctions
North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons: Technical Issues
North Korea: U.S. Relations, Nuclear Diplomacy, and Internal Situation
The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications for the United States
The Kaesong North-South Korean Industrial Complex
The Proposed South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA)
The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Provisions and Implications
U.S. and South Korean Cooperation in the World Nuclear Energy Market: Major Policy Considerations
Kosovo
Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
Kurdistan
The Kurds and Possible Iraqi Kurdish Independence
Kuwait
Kuwait: Security, Reform, and U.S. Policy
Lebanon
Lebanon and the Uprising in Syria: Issue for Congress
Lebanon: Background and U.S. Policy
Libya
Diplomatic and Embassy Security Funding Before and After the Benghazi Attacks
Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy
Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya): Background and Issues for Congress
Responding to Libya's Political and Security Crises: Policy Choices for the United States
Madagascar
Malawi
Malawi: Recent Developments and U.S. Relations
Malaysia
Malaysia: Background and U.S. Relations
Mali
Mexico
Legislation to Approve the U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement
Mexican Migration to the United States: Policy and Trends
Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations
Mexico’s Drug Trafficking Organizations: Source and Scope of the Violence
Mexico’s Free Trade Agreements
Mexico’s New Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations
Mexico's Oil and Gas Sector: Background, Reform Efforts, and Implications for the United States
Mexico's Peña Nieto Administration: Priorities and Key Issues in U.S.-Mexican Relations
Proposed U.S.-Mexico Transboundary Hydrocarbons Agreement: Background and Issues for Congress
Status of Mexican Trucks in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions
Supporting Criminal Justice System Reform in Mexico: The U.S. Role
The Mexican Economy After the Global Financial Crisis
U.S.-Mexican Security Cooperation: the Merida Initiative and Beyond
U.S.-Mexico Economic Relations: Trends, Issues, and Implications
U.S.-Mexico Water Sharing: Background and Recent Developments
Moldova
Moldova: Background and U.S. Policy
Mongolia
Morocco
Myanmar
Burma’s 2010 Election Campaign: Issues for Congress
Burma’s April Parliamentary By-Elections
Burma’s Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions
U.S. Policy Towards Burma: Issues for the 113th Congress
U.S. Sanctions on Burma: Issues for the 113th Congress
New Zealand
New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States
New Zealand: U.S. Security Cooperation and the U.S. Rebalancing to Asia Strategy
Nigeria
Nigeria: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
Nigeria's 2015 Elections and the Boko Haram Crisis
Nigeria's Boko Haram: Frequently Asked Questions
Oman
Oman: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy
Pakistan
Direct Overt U.S. Aid Appropriations for and Military Reimbursements to Pakistan, FY2002-FY2015
Flooding in Pakistan: Overview and Issues for Congress
Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001
Pakistan Political Unrest: In Brief
Pakistan’s Nuclear Weapons: Proliferation and Security Issues
Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Aid Conditions, Restrictions, and Reporting Requirements
Pakistan: U.S. Foreign Assistance
Pakistan-U.S. Relations: A Summary
Palestine
Israel and Hamas: Another Round of Conflict
Palestinian Authority: U.S. Payments to Creditors as Alternative to Direct Budgetary Assistance?
The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations
U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians
Panama
Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations
The U.S.-Panama Free Trade Agreement
Peru
Peru in Brief: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States
U.S.-Peru Economic Relations and the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement
Philippines
The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests
The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests–2014
Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda): U.S. and International Response to Philippines Disaster
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico’s Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions
Qatar
Qatar: Background and U.S. Relations
Russia
Next Steps in Nuclear Arms Control with Russia: Issues for Congress
Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) Status for Russia and U.S.-Russian Economic Ties
Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy
Russian Political, Economic, and Security Issues and U.S. Interests
Russia’s Accession to the WTO and Its Implications for the United States
Russia's Compliance with the INF Treaty
Russia’s March 2012 Presidential Election: Outcome and Implications
The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meetings in Vladivostok, Russia: A Preview
The 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics: Security and Human Rights Issues
U.S.-EU Cooperation on Ukraine and Russia
U.S.-Russia Economic Relations
U.S. Sanctions on Russia: Economic Implications
U.S. Sanctions on Russia in Response to Events in Ukraine
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations
Singapore
Singapore: Background and U.S. Relations
South Africa
South Africa: Politics, Economy, and U.S. Relations
South Sudan
The Republic of South Sudan: Opportunities and Challenges for Africa’s Newest Country
Sudan
Syria
Armed Conflict in Syria: U.S. and International Response
Conflict in Syria and Iraq: Implications for Religious Minorities
Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation
Lebanon and the Uprising in Syria: Issue for Congress
Possible U.S. Intervention in Syria: Issues for Congress
Proposed Train and Equip Authorities for Syria
Proposed Train and Equip Authorities for Syria: In Brief
Syria: Overview of the Humanitarian Response
Syria’s Chemical Weapons: Issues for Congress
The Islamic State in Syria and Iraq: A Possible Threat to Jordan?
Taiwan (see China)
Tajikistan
Tajikistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
Thailand
Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste: Political Dynamics, Development, and International Involvement
Tunesia
Political Transition in Tunisia
Tunisia: Recent Developments and Policy Issues
Turkey
Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations
Turkey’s 2007 Elections: Crisis of Identity and Power
Turkey-U.S. Cooperation Against the “Islamic State”: A Unique Dynamic?
Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
Uganda
The Lord's Resistance Army: The U.S. Response
Ukraine
Ukraine: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
U.S.-EU Cooperation on Ukraine and Russia
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom and U.S.-UK Relations
The United Kingdom: Background and Relations with the United States
The United Kingdom: Issues for the United States
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests
Venezuela
Hugo Chavez’s Death: Implications for Venezuela and U.S. Relations
Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations
Venezuela: Issues for Congress
Viet-Nam
U.S.-Vietnam Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Issues for Congress
U.S.-Vietnam Relations in 2013: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy
The United States and Europe: Responding to Change in the Middle East and North Africa
Western Sahara
Yemen
Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations
Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention
Health including Insurance
Abortion: Judicial History and Legislative Response
ACA: A Brief Overview of the Law, Implementation, and Legal Challenges
An Introduction to Health Insurance: What Should a Consumer Know?
Anthem Data Breach: How Safe is Health Information Under HIPAA?
Beverage Industry Pledges to Reduce Americans' Drink Calories
Brief History of NIH Funding: Fact Sheet
Cancellation of Nongroup Health Insurance Policies
Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Data Brief
Comparing Medicaid and Exchanges: Benefits and Costs for Individuals and Families
Congress Faces Calls to Address Expiring ACA Appropriations
Discretionary Spending in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Ebola: Basics About the Disease
FDA Regulation of Medical Devices
FDA’s Authority to Ensure That Drugs Prescribed to Children Are Safe and Effective
Federal and State Quarantine and Isolation Authority
Federal Authority to Regulate the Compounding of Human Drugs
Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of Fluoridation and Regulation Issues
Food Fraud and “Economically Motivated Adulteration” of Food and Food Ingredients
Food Recalls and Other FDA Administrative Enforcement Actions
Genetic Testing: Background and Policy Issues
Growth in Health Spending Remained Relatively Low in 2013
Health Benefits for Members of Congress
Health Benefits for Members of Congress and Certain Congressional Staff
Health Care: Constitutional Rights and Legislative Powers
Health Care Flexible Spending Accounts
Health Care for Veterans: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Health Care for Veterans: Suicide Prevention
Health Insurance Exchanges Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Health Insurance Premium Credits in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Ongoing Outbreak
Housing for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS
How FDA Approves Drugs and Regulates Their Safety and Effectiveness
Improving Health Care Access for Veterans: H.R. 3230
Increased Department of Defense Role in U.S. Ebola Response
Individual Mandate and Related Information Requirements under ACA
Laws Affecting the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP)
Legislative Actions to Repeal, Defund, or Delay the Affordable Care Act
Mandatory Vaccinations: Precedent and Current Laws
Marijuana: Medical and Retail — Selected Legal Issues
Medicaid Coverage of Long-Term Services and Supports
Medicaid Financing and Expenditures
Medicare: History of Insolvency Projections
Medicare, Medicaid, and Other Health Provisions in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
Mental Disorders Among OEF/OIF Veterans Using VA Health Care: Facts and Figures
Military Medical Care: Questions and Answers
Neglected Tropical Diseases: Background, Responses, and Issues for Congress
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: Annual Fee on Health Insurers
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA): Resources for Frequently Asked Questions
Pharmaceutical Patent Settlements: Issues in Innovation and Competitiveness
Physician Practices: Background, Organization, and Market Consolidation
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
Prevalence of Mental Illness in the United States: Data Sources and Estimates
Private Health Insurance Market Reforms in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
Private Health Plans Under the ACA: In Brief
Public Health Service Agencies: Overview and Funding
Requiring Individuals to Obtain Health Insurance: A Constitutional Analysis
Safe at Home? Letting Ebola-Stricken Americans Return
Status of Federal Funding for State Implementation of Health Insurance Exchanges
Submission of Mental Health Records to NICS and the HIPAA Privacy Rule
Synthetic Drugs: Overview and Issues for Congress
Tax-Advantaged Accounts for Health Care Expenses: Side-by-Side Comparison, 2013
Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs
The Affordable Care Act and Small Business: Economic Issues
The Controlled Substances Act: Regulatory Requirements
The 2014 Ebola Outbreak: International and U.S. Responses
The Ebola Outbreak: Quarantine and Isolation Authority
The Ebola Outbreak: Select Legal Issue
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA): An Overview
The FDA Medical Device User Fee Program
The Independent Payment Advisory Board
The Measles: Background and Federal Role in Vaccine Policy
The Medical Device Excise Tax: Economic Analysis
The Mental Health Workforce: A Primer
The Project BioShield Act: Issues for the 113th Congress
The U.S. Infant Mortality Rate: International Comparisons, Underlying Factors, and Federal Programs
Upcoming Rules Pursuant to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act: The 2012 Unified Agenda
U.S. Global Health Assistance: Background and Issues for the 113th Congress
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of HIV/AIDS: Basic Facts
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Malaria: Basic Facts
U.S. Response to the Global Threat of Tuberculosis: Basic Facts
Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange: Legislative History, Litigation, and Current Issues
When Will DOD Modernize its Electronic Health Records Systems?
Homeland Security [see also Immigration]
2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review: Evolution of Strategic Review
Apprehensions of Unauthorized Migrants along the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet
Barriers Along the U.S. Borders: Key Authorities and Requirements
Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry
Congressional Primer on Responding to Major Disasters and Emergencies
Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy and Implementation
Department of Homeland Security: FY2015 Appropriations
Domestic Drones and Privacy: A Primer
Domestic Terrorism Appears to Be Reemerging as a Priority at the Department of Justice
FEMA's Disaster Relief Fund: Overview and Selected Issues
Homeland Security Department: FY2012 Appropriations
Homeland Security Department: FY2011 Appropriations
Physical Security of the U.S. Power Grid: High-Voltage Transformer Substations
Preparing for Disasters: FEMA's New National Preparedness Report Released
Selected Issues in Homeland Security Policy for the 114th Congress
Terrorism Risk Insurance Legislation in the 114th Congress: Issue Summary and Side-by-Side Analysis
The No Fly List: Procedural Due Process and Hurdles to Litigation
The U.S. Secret Service: History and Missions
Immigration
Alien Removals and Returns: Overview and Trends
Aliens' Right to Counsel in Removal Proceedings: In Brief
Apprehensions of Unauthorized Migrants along the Southwest Border: Fact Sheet
Arizona v. United States: A Limited Role for States in Immigration Enforcement
Asylum and ‘Credible Fear’ Issues in U.S. Immigration Policy
Asylum and Gang Violence: Legal Overview
Authority of State and Local Police to Enforce Federal Immigration Law
Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry
Can Marriage Conquer “Consular Nonreviewability” for a Spouse's Visa Denial?
Domestic Human Trafficking Legislation in the 113th Congress
Federal Taxation of Aliens Working in the United States
H.R. 399, the Secure Our Borders First Act of 2015
Immigration Detainers: Legal Issues
Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 113th Congress
Immigration Policies and Issues on Health-Related Grounds for Exclusion
Immigration of Temporary Lower-Skilled Workers: Current Policy and Related Issues
Immigration-Related Detention: Current Legislative Issues
Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures
Immigration: Visa Security Policies
Interior Immigration Enforcement: Programs Targeting Criminal Aliens
Iraqi and Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Programs
Mexican Migration to the United States: Policy and Trends
Permanent Legal Immigration to the United States: Policy Overview
Prosecutorial Discretion in Immigration Enforcement: Legal Issues
Receipt of Unemployment Insurance by Higher-Income Unemployed Workers (“Millionaires”)
Refugee Admissions and Resettlement Policy
Smartphone Data Encryption: A Renewed Boundary for Law Enforcement?
Special Immigrant Juveniles: In Brief
Temporary Protected Status: Current Immigration Policy and Issues
The Obama Administration's Announced Immigration Initiative: A Primer
The Obama Administration's November 2014 Immigration Initiatives: Questions and Answers
The U.S. Foreign-Born Population: Trends and Selected Characteristics
Unaccompanied Alien Children: An Overview
Unaccompanied Alien Children: A Processing Flow Chart
Unaccompanied Alien Children–Legal Issues: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Unaccompanied Alien Children: Potential Factors Contributing to Recent Immigration
Unaccompanied Children from Central America: Foreign Policy Considerations
Unauthorized Aliens’ Access to Federal Benefits: Policy and Issues
Unauthorized Aliens in the United States: Policy Discussion
Unauthorized Aliens Residing in the United States: Estimates Since 1986
Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and “DREAM Act” Legislation
Unlawfully Present Aliens, Higher Education, In-State Tuition, and Financial Aid: Legal Analysis
Unlawfully Present Aliens, Driver's Licenses, and Other State-Issued ID: Select Legal Issues
U.S. Family-Based Immigration Policy
U.S. to Review Cases Seeking Deportations
Indian Affairs
Intelligence Including Counterintelligence
Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Set to Expire February 28, 2011
Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Extended Until June 1, 2015
Administrative Subpoenas in Criminal Investigations: A Brief Legal Analysi
Administrative Subpoenas in Criminal Investigations: A Sketch
Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Extended Until June 1, 2015
Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, 1994-2006
Analysis of S. 1709: the Security and Freedom Ensured Act of 2003 (SAFE Act)
Anti-Terrorism Authority Under the Laws of the United Kingdom and the United States
Assassination Ban and E.O. 12333: A Brief Summary
Classified Information Policy and Executive Order 13526
Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues
Congress as a Consumer of Intelligence Information
Congress as a Consumer of Intelligence Information
Congressional Oversight of Intelligence: Current Structure and Alternatives
Countries of the World and International Organizations: Sources of Information
Covert Action: Legislative Background and Possible Policy Questions
Criminal Prohibitions on the Publication of Classified Defense Information
Digital Surveillance: The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
Director of National Intelligence Statutory Authorities: Status and Proposals
Director of National Intelligence: Statutory Authorities
Domestic Intelligence in the United Kingdom: Applicability of the MI-5 Model to the United States
Electronic Surveillance Modernization Act, as Passed by the House of Representatives
FBI Intelligence Reform Since September 11, 2001: Issues and Options for Congress
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: Selected Legislation from the 108th Congress
Foreign Surveillance and the Future of Standing to Sue Post-Clapper
Fusion Centers: Issues and Options for Congress
“Gang of Four” Congressional Intelligence Notifications
Geospatial Information and Geographic Information Systems (GIS): An Overview for Congress
Government Access to Phone Calling Activity and Related Records: Legal Authorities
Governmental Tracking of Cell Phones and Vehicles: The Confluence of Privacy, Technology, and Law
Homeland Security Intelligence: Perceptions, Statutory Definitions, and Approaches
House Select Committee on Intelligence: Leadership and Assignment Limitations
Imagery Intelligence: Issues for Congress
Intelligence and Information-Sharing Elements of S. 4 and H.R. 1
Intelligence and Law Enforcement: Countering Transnational Threats to the U.S.
Intelligence Authorization Legislation: Status and Challenges
Intelligence Community Reorganization: Potential Effects on DOD Intelligence Agencies
Intelligence Estimates: How Useful to Congress?
Intelligence Identities Protection Act
Intelligence Identities Protection Act
Intelligence Information: Need-to-Know vs. Need-to-Share
Intelligence Issues for Congress
Intelligence Reform After Five Years: The Role of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives
Intelligence Reform at the Department of Energy: Policy Issues and Organizational Alternatives
Intelligence Spending and Appropriations: Issues for Congress
Intelligence Spending: Public Disclosure Issues
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Acquisition: Issues for Congress
Intelligence Whistleblower Protections: In Brief
National Security Letters: Proposals in the 113th Congress
NSA Surveillance Leaks: Background and Issues for Congress
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT): Issues for Congress
Overview of Constitutional Challenges to NSA Collection Activities and Recent Developments
Polygraph Use by the Department of Energy: Issues for Congress
Privacy: An Overview of Federal Statutes Governing Wiretapping and Electronic Eavesdropping
Proposals for Intelligence Reorganization, 1949-2004
Proposed Change to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) under S. 113
Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals
Reauthorization of the FISA Amendments Act
Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court: A Brief Overview
Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC): Selection of Judges
Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court: Procedural and Operational Changes
Renditions: Constraints Imposed by Laws on Torture
Requirements for Linguists in Government Agencies
Retroactive Immunity Provided by the FISA Amendments Act of 2008
S.Res. 445: Senate Committee Reorganization for Homeland Security and Intelligence Matters
Satellite Surveillance: Domestic Issues
Securing America’s Borders: The Role of the Intelligence Community
Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: Term Limits and Assignment Limitations
Sensitive Covert Action Notifications: Oversight Options for Congress
Smartphone Data Encryption: A Renewed Boundary for Law Enforcement?
Special Operations Forces (SOF) and CIA Paramilitary Operations: Issues for Congress
Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of U.S.C. 1831 and 1832
Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Abridged Overview of 18 U.S.C. 1831 and 1832
Sunset of Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, memorandum for the House Judiciary Committee
The Director of National Intelligence and Intelligence Analysis
The FBI: Past, Present, and Future
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: A Brief Overview of Selected Issues
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: A Sketch of Selected Issues
The Intelligence Community and 9/11: Congressional Hearings and the Status of the Investigation
The National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) — Responsibilities and Potential Congressional Concerns
The National Counterterrorism Center: Implementation Challenges and Issues for Congress
The National Intelligence Council: Issues and Options for Congress
The National Security Agency: Issues for Congress
The Position of Director of National Intelligence: Issues for Congress
The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework
The SAFE Acts of 2005: H.R. 1526 and S. 737 — A Sketch
The SSCI Study of the CIA’s Detention and Interrogation Program: Issues to Consider
The U.S. Intelligence Budget: A Basic Overview
The War Crimes Act: Current Issues
To Create a Senate Select Committee on Intelligence: A Legislative History of Senate Resolution 400
Treatment of “Battlefield Detainees” in the War on Terrorism
U.N. Convention Against Torture (CAT): Overview and Application to Interrogation Techniques
U.S. Army School of the Americas: Background and Congressional Concerns
U.S. Intelligence and Policymaking: The Iraq Experience
U.S. May Face Significant Obstacles in Attempt to Apprehend Edward Snowden
U.S. Treatment of Prisoners in Iraq: Selected Legal Issues
Undisclosed U.S. Detention Sites Overseas: Background and Legal Issues
Judiciary
Application of Religious Law in U.S. Courts: Selected Legal Issues
Attempt: An Overview of Federal Criminal Law
Closing the Guantanamo Detention Center: Legal Issues
Comparison of Rights in Military Commission Trials and Trials in Federal Criminal Court
Confirmation of U.S. Circuit and District Court Nominations in Presidential Election Years
Congressional Power to Create Federal Courts: A Legal Overview
Detention of U.S. Persons as Enemy Belligerents
Drug Courts: Background, Effectiveness, and Policy Issues for Congress
Federal Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Statutes
Foreign Surveillance and the Future of Standing to Sue Post-Clapper
International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute: 2010 Review Conference
International Criminal Court Cases in Africa: Status and Policy Issues
International Law and Agreements: Their Effect Upon U.S. Law
Judicial Activity Concerning Enemy Combatant Detainees: Major Court Rulings
Judicial Discipline Process: An Overview
Judicial Activity Concerning Enemy Combatant Detainees: Major Court Rulings
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Federal Aggravated Identity Theft
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Legislation in the 114th Congress
Marijuana: Medical and Retail — Selected Legal Issues
Military Justice: Courts-Martial, An Overview
National Security Letters: Proposals in the 112th Congress
Number of African American Judges Reaches All-Time High: Do Issues Remain?
Reform of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Courts: Procedural and Operational Changes
Role of Home State Senators in the Selection of Lower Federal Court Judges
Search and Seizure Cases in the October 2012 Term of the Supreme Court
Supreme Court Hears Oral Argument in Federal Whistleblower Case
The Ebola Outbreak: Select Legal Issue
The Elder Justice Act: Background and Issues for Congress
The No Fly List: Procedural Due Process and Hurdles to Litigation
U.S. Circuit Court Judges: Profile of Professional Experiences Prior to Appointment
Whistleblower Protections Under Federal Law: An Overview
Labor, Homelessness, Society, & Unemployment
Ability to Repay, Risk-Retention Standards, and Mortgage Credit Access
An Analysis of the Distribution of Wealth Across Households, 1989-2010
An Overview of the Employment-Population Ratio
Child Labor in America: History, Policy, and Legislative Issues
Consumers and Food Price Inflation
Delay in Implementation of Potential Employer Penalties Under ACA
Double-Dip Recession: Previous Experience and Current Prospect
Economic Growth and the Unemployment Rate
Employment Growth and Progress Toward Full Employment
Expediting the Return to Work: Approaches in the Unemployment Compensation Program
Extending Unemployment Compensation Benefits During Recessions
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA)
Federal Benefits and the Same-Sex Partners of Federal Employees
Federal Labor Relations Statutes: An Overview
Federal Minimum Wage, Tax-Transfer Earnings Supplements, and Poverty
Homelessness: Targeted Federal Programs and Recent Legislation
How Social Security Benefits Are Computed: In Brief
Immigration-Related Worksite Enforcement: Performance Measures
Inflation and the Real Minimum Wage: A Fact Sheet
Inflation-Indexing Elements in Federal Entitlement Programs
Job Creation in the Manufacturing Revival
Job Growth During the Recovery
Measuring the Loss of Manufacturing Jobs
Offshoring (or Offshore Outsourcing) and Job Loss Among U.S. Workers
Outsourcing and Insourcing Jobs in the U.S. Economy: Evidence Based on Foreign Investment Data
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC): A Fact Sheet
Poverty in the United States: 2012
Poverty: Major Themes in Past Debates and Current Proposals
Preserving Homeownership: Foreclosure Prevention Initiatives
Real Earnings, Health Insurance and Pension Coverage, and the Distribution of Earnings, 1979-2009
Rebuilding Household Wealth: Implications for Economic Recovery
Receipt of Unemployment Insurance by Higher-Income Unemployed Workers (“Millionaires”)
Returning to Full Employment: What Do the Indicators Tell Us?
Right to Work Laws: Legislative Background and Empirical Research
Selected Characteristics of Private and Public Sector Workers
Sequestration: A Review of Estimates of Potential Job Losses
State Minimum Wages: An Overview
Survivor Benefits for Families of Civilian Federal Employees and Retirees
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Characteristics of the Cash Assistance Caseload
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): Welfare-to-Work Revisited
Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign Workers: Legislation in the 113th Congress
The “Pay Ratio Provision” in the Dodd-Frank Act: Legislation to Repeal It in the 113th Congress
Ticket to Work and Self-Sufficiency Program: Overview and Current Issues
The 2010 Census: Count Question Resolution Program
The American Opportunity Tax Credit: Overview, Analysis, and Policy Options
The Changing Demographic Profile of the United States
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB): A Legal Analysis
The Definition of “Supervisor” Under the National Labor Relations Act
The Distribution of Household Income and the Middle Class
The Emergency Food and Shelter National Board Program and Homeless Assistance
The Distribution of Household Income and the Middle Class
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA): An Overview
The Federal Minimum Wage: In Brief
The Increase in Unemployment Since 2007: Is It Cyclical or Structural?
The National Labor Relations Act: Background and Selected Topics
The Trend in Long-Term Unemployment and Characteristics of Workers Unemployed for Two Years or More
The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States
The U.S. Income Distribution and Mobility: Trends and International Comparisons
Trade Adjustment Assistance for Workers
Unemployment Compensation (UC): Eligibility for Students Under State and Federal Laws
Unemployment Insurance: Legislative Issues in the 113th Congress
Unemployment Insurance: Programs and Benefits
Vulnerable Youth: Background and Policies
Vulnerable Youth: Employment and Job Training Programs
What Is the Current State of the Economic Recovery?
Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act
Youth and the Labor Force: Background and Trends
Law Enforcement
American Foreign Fighters and the Islamic State: Broad Challenges for Federal Law Enforcement
American Jihadist Terrorism: Combating a Complex Threat
A Primer on the Reviewability of Agency Delay and Enforcement Discretion
Arizona v. United States: A Limited Role for States in Immigration Enforcement
Armed Career Criminal Act (18 U.S.C. 924(e)): An Overview
Authority of State and Local Police to Enforce Federal Immigration Law
Big Deal? U.S. Changes Stance on Cruelty Prohibition
Body Armor for Law Enforcement Officers: In Brief
Border Security: Immigration Enforcement Between Ports of Entry
Border Security: Immigration Inspections at Port of Entry
Border Security: Understanding Threats at U.S. Borders
Can Body Worn Cameras Serve as a Deterrent to Police Misconduct?
Changes in Airport Passenger Screening Technologies and Procedures: Frequently Asked Questions
Cities Try, and Fail (So Far), to Prevent Federal Marijuana Enforcement
Countering Violent Extremism in the United States
Defense Surplus Equipment Disposal, Including the Law Enforcement 1033 Program
Defining Homeland Security: Analysis and Congressional Considerations
DHS Headquarters Consolidation Project: Issues for Congress
‘Dirty Bombs’: Background in Brief
‘Dirty Bombs’: Technical Background, Attack Prevention and Response, Issues for Congress
Domestic Federal Law Enforcement Coordination: Through the Lens of the Southwest Border
DNA Testing in Criminal Justice: Background, Current Law, Grants, and Issues
Drones in Domestic Surveillance Operations: Fourth Amendment Implications and Legislative Responses
Drug Enforcement in the United States: History, Policy, and Trends
Early Release for Federal Inmates: Fact Sheet
Eleventh Circuit Provides Guidance for the Definition of “Foreign Official” under the FCPA
Enforcement Use of GPS Devices to Monitor Motor Vehicles: Fourth Amendment Considerations
FBI Director: Appointment and Tenure
FBI Directorship: History and Congressional Action
Federal and State Quarantine and Isolation Authority
In Brief: The September 2013 Terrorist Attack in Kenya
Issues in Homeland Security Policy for the 113th Congress
Integration of Drones into Domestic Airspace: Selected Legal Issues
Interior Immigration Enforcement: Programs Targeting Criminal Aliens
Juvenile Victims of Domestic Sex Trafficking: Juvenile Justice Issues
Mail and Wire Fraud: A Brief Overview of Federal Criminal Law
Marijuana: Medical and Retail — Selected Legal Issues
Missing Adults: Background, Federal Programs, and Issues for Congress
National Security Letters: Proposals in the 112th Congress
Offender Reentry: Correctional Statistics, Reintegration into the Community, and Recidivism
Offices of Inspector General and Law Enforcement Authority
OSC Rule Seemingly Expands Federal Contractor Whistleblower Rights
Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board: New Independent Agency Status
Public Mass Shootings in the United States: Selected Policy Implications
Ricin: Technical Background and Potential Role in Terrorism
School Resource Officers: Law Enforcement Officers in Schools
Selected CRS Materials on Detention and Interrogation of Terrorist Suspects and Enemy Belligerents
Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States: Overview and Issues for Congress
Smartphone Data Encryption: A Renewed Boundary for Law Enforcement?
Southwest Border Violence: Issues in Identifying and Measuring Spillover Violence
Special Prosecutors: Investigations and Prosecutions of Police Use of Deadly Force
State Legalization of Recreational Marijuana: Selected Legal Issues
Statutes of Limitation in Federal Criminal Cases: An Overview
Supervised Release (Parole): An Overview of Federal Law
Survey of Federal Whistleblower and Anti-Retaliation Laws
Terrorism, Miranda, and Related Matters
Terrorist Watch List Screening and Brady Background Checks for Firearms
The “1033 Program,” Department of Defense Support to Law Enforcement
The Bureau of Prisons (BOP): Operations and Budget
The Domestic Terrorist Threat: Background and Issues for Congress
The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA): A Summary
The Federal Bureau of Investigation and Terrorism Investigations
The Federal Prison Population Buildup: Overview, Policy Changes, Issues, and Options
The “Militarization” of Law Enforcement and the Department of Defense's “1033 Program”
The SPEECH Act: The Federal Response to ‘Libel Tourism’
The Take Care Clause and Executive Discretion in the Enforcement of Law
Unauthorized Aliens: Policy Options for Providing Targeted Immigration Relief
U.S. Customs and Border Protection: Trade Facilitation, Enforcement, and Security
Warrantless, Police-Triggered Exigent Searches: Kentucky v. King in the Supreme Court
Wartime Detention Provisions in Recent Defense Authorization Legislation
Research & Development
Cooperative R&D: Federal Efforts to Promote Industrial Competitiveness
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2016
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2015
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2014
Federal Research and Development Funding: FY2013
Federal Support for Academic Research
Publishing Scientific Papers with Potential Security Risks: Issues for Congress
Tax Gap, Tax Compliance, and Proposed Legislation in the 112th Congress
Technology Transfer: Use of Federally Funded Research and Development
Revenue & Taxation [see also Debt]
A Brief Overview of Business Types and Their Tax Treatment
Alternative Minimum Taxpayers by State: 2009, 2010, and Projections for 2012
An Overview and Comparison of Senate Proposals to Extend the “Bush Tax Cuts”: S. 3412 and S. 3413
An Overview of Tax Provisions Expiring in 2012
An Overview of the Tax Provisions in the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012
Carbon Tax: Deficit Reduction and Other Considerations
Constitutionality of Retroactive Tax Legislation
Distributional Effects of Taxes on Corporate Profits, Investment Income, and Estates
Employee Stock Options: Tax Treatment and Tax Issues
Energy Tax Incentives: Measuring Value Across Different Types of Energy Resources
Federal Taxation of Aliens Working in the United States
Itemized Tax Deductions for Individuals: Data Analysis
International Corporate Tax Rate Comparisons and Policy Implications
Moving to a Territorial Income Tax: Options and Challenges
Overview of the Federal Tax System
Reform of U.S. International Taxation: Alternatives
Restrictions on Itemized Tax Deductions: Policy Options and Analysis
Taxation of Hedge Fund and Private Equity Managers
Tax Deductions for Individuals: A Summary
Taxes and the Economy: An Economic Analysis of the Top Tax Rates Since 1945 (Updated)
Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion
Tax Provisions Expiring in 2013 (“Tax Extenders”)
Tax Provisions to Assist with Disaster Recovery
Tax Reform in the 113th Congress: An Overview of Proposals
The 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts and Deficit Reduction
The Bush Tax Cuts and the Economy
The Corporate Income Tax System: Overview and Options for Reform
The Impact of the Federal Estate Tax on State Estate Taxes
Who Earns Pass-Through Business Income? An Analysis of Individual Tax Return Data
Science, Technology, Engineering, & Mathematics
An Analysis of STEM Education Funding at the NSF: Trends and Policy Discussion
Nanotechnology and Environmental, Health, and Safety: Issues for Consideration
Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer
National Science Foundation: Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction
NASA Appropriations and Authorizations: A Fact Sheet
Science and Technology Issues in the 114th Congress
Science and Technology Issues in the 113th Congress
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education: A Primer
The Arecibo Ionospheric Observatory
The DHS S&T Directorate: Selected Issues for Congress
The Endangered Species Act and “Sound Science”
The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Overview, Reauthorization, and Appropriations Issues
The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Overview, Reauthorization, and Appropriations Issues
The National Science Foundation: Background and Selected Policy Issues
The President’s Office of Science and Technology Policy: Issues for Congress
Secrecy & Information Policy
A Primer on E-Government: Sectors, Stages, Opportunities, and Challenges of Online Governance
Access to Government Information In the United States: A Primer
Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress
Classified Information Policy and Executive Order 13526
Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA): An Overview
Congress and the Internet: Highlights
Congressional Access to Executive Branch Information: Legislative Tools
Congressional Lawmaking: A Perspective On Secrecy and Transparency
Criminal Prohibitions on the Publication of Classified Defense Information
Disclosure of Security Classified Information
Federal Enterprise Architecture and E-Government: Issues for Information Technology Management
Federal Information Security and Data Breach Notification Laws
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Background and Policy Options for the 113th Congress
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Issues for the 111th Congress
Freedom of Information Act Amendments: 110th Congress
Government Secrecy and News Management by the Government, 1961-71: a Selected Bibliography
Government Transparency and Secrecy: An Examination of Meaning and Its Use in the Executive Branch
High Performance Computers and Export Control Policy: Issues for Congress
Journalists' Privilege: Overview of the Law and 109th Congress Legislation
Journalists' Privilege: Overview of the Law and Legislation in the 110th and 111th Congresses
Legal Consequences of Efforts to Induce White House Staff to Waive “Newsman's Source” Protection in Connection with an Investigation of the Disclosure of an Individual's CIA Affiliation, CRS memo to the House Government Reform Committee, April 30, 2004, transmitted to the White House August 30, 2004
Military Service Records and Unit Histories: A Guide to Locating Sources
On Whether an Agency May Prohibit a Federal Officer from Providing Accurate Cost Information to the U.S. Congress, memorandum for Rep. Charles Rangel, April 26, 2004
Open Access Publishing and Citation Archives: Background and Controversy
Paperwork Reduction Act Reauthorization and Government Information Management Issues
Presidential Claims of Executive Privilege: History, Law, Practice, and Recent Developments
Presidential Libraries: The Federal System and Related Legislation
Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals
Protection of National Security Information
Protection of Security-Related Information
Public Access to Data from Federally Funded Research: Provisions in OMB Circular A-110
Publishing Scientific Papers with Potential Security Risks: Issues for Congress
Reauthorization of the E-Government Act: A Brief Overview
Reporting Requirements in the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
Resolutions of Inquiry: An Analysis of Their Use in the House, 1947-2011
Restructuring EPA's Libraries: Background and Issues for Congress
Secrecy Versus Openness: New Proposed Arrangements for Balancing Competing Needs
Secret Sessions of Congress: A Brief Historical Overview
Secret Sessions of the House and Senate
Secret Sessions of the House and Senate: Authority, Confidentiality, and Frequency
Security Classification Policy and Procedure: E.O. 12958, as Amended
Security Classified and Controlled Information: History, Status, and Emerging Management Issues
Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Sensitive Security Information and Transportation Security: Issues and Congressional Options
Sensitive Security Information
State E-Government Strategies: Identifying Best Practices and Applications
Stealing Trade Secrets and Economic Espionage: An Overview of U.S.C. 1831 and 1832
Televising Supreme Court and Other Federal Court Proceedings: Legislation and Issues
The Export Administration Act: Evolution, Provisions, and Debate
The Export Administration Act: Evolution, Provisions, and Debate
The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act: Implementation and Proposed Amendments
The Freedom of Information Act and Nondisclosure Provisions in Other Federal Laws
The Information Quality Act: OMB's Guidance and Initial Implementation,
The Obama Administration's Open Government Initiative: Issues for Congress
The Presidential Libraries Act and the Establishment of Presidential Libraries
The Presidential Records Act: Background and Recent Issues for Congress
The Protection of Classified Information: The Legal Framework
The Role of Trade Secrets in Innovation Policy
The State Secrets Privilege and Other Limits on Litigation Involving Classified Information
The Unified Agenda: Implications for Rulemaking Transparency and Participation
Tracking Current Federal Legislation and Regulations: A Guide to Basic Sources
Social Security
Increasing the Social Security Payroll Tax Base: Options and Effects on Tax Burdens
Social Security: Cost-of-Living Adjustments
Social Security Reform: Current Issues and Legislation
Social Security Reform: Legal Analysis of Social Security Benefit Entitlement Issues
Social Security: The Trust Fund
Social Security: What Would Happen If the Trust Funds Ran Out?
Uncertainty in Financial Projections of Social Security
State & Local Governance & Issues
Arizona v. United States: A Limited Role for States in Immigration Enforcement
Authority of State and Local Police to Enforce Federal Immigration Law
Block Grants: Perspectives and Controversies
Federal Emergency Management: A Brief Introduction
Federal Grants to State and Local Governments: A Historical Perspective on Contemporary Issues
Moving to a Territorial Income Tax: Options and Challenges
Stafford Act Declarations 1953-2011: Trends and Analyses, and Implications for Congress
State Government Fiscal Stress and Federal Assistance
State Marijuana Legalization Initiatives: Implications for Federal Law Enforcement
The Hurricane Sandy Rebuilding Strategy: In Brief
The Impact of the Federal Estate Tax on State Estate Taxes
The Unemployment Trust Fund (UTF): State Insolvency and Federal Loans to States
Unemployment Compensation (UC): Eligibility for Students Under State and Federal Laws
Transportation Including Infrastructure & Risk
Airline Passenger Rights: The Federal Role in Aviation Consumer Protection
Airport Body Scanners: The Role of Advanced Imaging Technology in Airline Passenger Screening
Airport Privatization: Issues and Options for Congress
“Black Boxes” in Passenger Vehicles: Policy Issues
Chemical Facility Security: Issues and Options for the 112th Congress,
Critical Infrastructure Resilience: The Evolution of Policy and Programs and Issues for Congress
Critical Infrastructures: Background, Policy and Implementation
Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions
Electric Utility Infrastructure Vulnerabilities: Transformers, Towers, and Terrorism
Ensuring That Traffic Signs Are Visible at Night: Federal Regulations
Federal Aid to Roads and Highways Since the 18th Century: A Legislative History
Federal Civil Aviation Programs: In Brief
Federal Public Transportation Program: An Overview
Federal Traffic Safety Programs: An Overview
Funding and Financing Highways and Public Transportation
Keeping America’s Pipelines Safe and Secure: Key Issues for Congress
National Infrastructure Bank: Overview and Current Legislation
Pipeline Cybersecurity: Federal Policy
Possible Missile Attack on Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Protecting Civilian Flights from Missiles
Rail Safety Efforts Miss Leading Cause of Fatalities
Screening and Securing Air Cargo: Background and Issues for Congress
Shipping U.S. Crude Oil by Water: Vessel Flag Requirements and Safety Issues
The Development of High Speed Rail in the United States: Issues and Recent Events
U.S. Rail Transportation of Crude Oil: Background and Issues for Congress
Wall Street, Federal Reserve, Financial Crime, IMF Plus
An Analysis of Where American Companies Report Profits: Indications of Profit Shifting
An Overview of the Housing Finance System in the United States
Changing the Federal Reserve’s Mandate: An Economic Analysis
Current Debates over Exchange Rates: Overview and Issues for Congress
“Dark Pools” In Equity Trading: Significance and Recent Developments
Designating Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs)
DOJ & Bank of America Enter Biggest Civil Settlement in U.S. History
Evaluating the Current Stance of Monetary Policy Using a Taylor Rule
Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s Financial Problems
Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s Financial Status: Frequently Asked Questions
Federal Reserve: Unconventional Monetary Policy Options
Financial Condition of Depository Banks
Financial Performance of the Major Oil Companies, 2007-2011
Financial Stability Oversight Council: A Framework to Mitigate Systemic Risk
Government Assistance for AIG: Summary and Cost
High-Frequency Trading: Background, Concerns, and Regulatory Developments
IMF Reforms: Issues for Congress
Independence of Federal Financial Regulators
International Climate Change Financing: The Climate Investment Funds (CIFs)
International Environmental Financing: The Global Environment Facility (GEF)
International Monetary Fund: Background and Issues for Congress
JP Morgan Trading Losses: Implications for the Volcker Rule and Other Regulation
LIBOR: Frequently Asked Questions
Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Current Policy and Conditions
Multilateral Development Banks: How the United States Makes and Implements Policy
Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress
Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY2000-FY2013
Privacy Protection for Customer Financial Information
Recent Changes in the Estate and Gift Tax Provisions
Shadow Banking: Background and Policy Issues
Systemically Important or “Too Big to Fail” Financial Institutions
Tax Havens: International Tax Avoidance and Evasion
Terrorism Risk Insurance: Issue Analysis and Overview of Current Program
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission: Background and Current Issues
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act: Title VII, Derivatives
The FHA Single-Family Mortgage Insurance Program: Financial Status and Related Current Issues
The Role of TARP Assistance in the Restructuring of General Motors
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP): Implementation and Status
U.S. Implementation of the Basel Capital Regulatory Framework
What Is Systemic Risk? Does It Apply to Recent JP Morgan Losses?
Water
U.S.-Mexico Water Sharing: Background and Recent Developments
Water Resource Issues in the 113th Congress
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
Phi Beta Iota: The below do not include reports generated privately for individual Members. They are generated by CRS as it sees fit. Comparing the reports with the ten high-level threats to humanity, the twelve core policy domains, and the eight demographic challengers as contained in the Strategic Analytic Model created by the Earth Intelligence Network (501c3), illuminates the lack of a holistic model for thinking at CRS or in Congress. The efforts of the Congressional Research Service (CRS) not-with-standing, we must also remember that Members vote along party lines and on the basis of briefings and contributions provided by special interests. Lacking is an Open Source Agency (OSA) that can provide ethical evidence-based decision-support to BOTH Congressional jurisdictions AND the Executive elements that do not receive intelligence support today from the secret world — with the added advantage of the decision-support being shareable with the public, the media, and all multinational stakeholders — we should not expect informed decision-making from either the Legislative or the Executive branches.
